{"id":749,"date":"2026-05-27T08:39:09","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T08:39:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/?p=749"},"modified":"2026-05-27T08:39:09","modified_gmt":"2026-05-27T08:39:09","slug":"korean-highland-farm-water-management-irrigation-drainage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/korean-highland-farm-water-management-irrigation-drainage\/","title":{"rendered":"Kore Yayla \u00c7iftliklerinde Su Y\u00f6netimi \u2014 Sulama, Drenaj ve Ta\u015f Temizleme \u0130\u015flemlerinin Etkile\u015fimi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Kore Yayla \u00c7iftliklerinde Su Y\u00f6netimi \u2014 Sulama, Drenaj ve Ta\u015f Temizleme Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131<\/h1>\n

Kore'nin y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 granit topraklar\u0131 iki u\u00e7 nokta aras\u0131nda gidip gelir: Nisan sonundaki kurakl\u0131k, yeni filizlenen patates fidelerini strese sokarken, Temmuz ay\u0131ndaki tayfun ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ise yetersiz drenajl\u0131 s\u0131rtlar\u0131 suyla doldurur. Ta\u015flardan temizlenmi\u015f, ince i\u015flenmi\u015f s\u0131rtlar, haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z tarlalara g\u00f6re her iki u\u00e7 noktay\u0131 da daha iyi idare eder ve bunun nedenini anlamak, her ikisini de nas\u0131l y\u00f6netece\u011finizi de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

Highland \u00c7iftlik Sistemi Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Kore'deki y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 patates tarlalar\u0131nda su y\u00f6netimi, ayn\u0131 90-110 g\u00fcnl\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsimi i\u00e7inde meydana gelen iki mevsimsel u\u00e7 nokta aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Nisan sonundan May\u0131s ortas\u0131na kadar olan d\u00f6nem, tipik olarak Kore bahar\u0131n\u0131n en kurak d\u00f6nemidir; Taebaek granit y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda ekim derinli\u011finde toprak nemi a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0131zla olu\u015fur ve filizlenen patates fideleri, yerle\u015fme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc etkileyen nem stresiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan Temmuz ve A\u011fustos aylar\u0131 Kore tayfun mevsimini getirir; ayn\u0131 y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 topraklar 48 saat i\u00e7inde 150-250 mm ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alabilir ve k\u00f6t\u00fc olu\u015fmu\u015f s\u0131rtlar suyla dolarak, hastal\u0131k ve k\u00f6k hasar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik eden anaerobik k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesi ko\u015fullar\u0131 yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lkbaharda nem sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in damla sulama ve tayfun sonras\u0131 ak\u0131nt\u0131 kontrol\u00fc i\u00e7in drenaj y\u00f6netimi ile bu iki u\u00e7 noktay\u0131 y\u00f6netmek, Kore y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerindeki b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsiminin su y\u00f6netimi g\u00f6revidir. Daha az takdir edilen \u015fey ise, Watanabe sisteminin 1. ve 2. ad\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki ta\u015f temizleme ve toprak i\u015fleme kalitesinin, bu su y\u00f6netimi zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendiren sulama verimlili\u011fini ve drenaj performans\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan nas\u0131l belirledi\u011fidir. THOR 2.4 kaya k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131<\/a>, PSW-3200 rotavat\u00f6r<\/a>, Ve CT-2100 ta\u015f toplay\u0131c\u0131<\/a> Su y\u00f6netimi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na \u00f6nemli katk\u0131da bulunan fakt\u00f6rler; sadece mekanik performans de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

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Ta\u015f Temizli\u011finin Su Y\u00f6netimini Nas\u0131l \u0130yile\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u2014 Toprak G\u00f6zenek Yap\u0131s\u0131 Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131<\/h2>\n

\"THOR<\/p>\n

Ta\u015f temizleme kalitesi ile su y\u00f6netimi aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131, toprak g\u00f6zenek yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7er; bu yap\u0131, suyun toprak profiline ne kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 girip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen toprak par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluklar a\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ta\u015flardan temizlenmi\u015f toprak \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan PSW-3200'\u00fcn ince i\u015flenmi\u015f yap\u0131s\u0131, homojen par\u00e7ac\u0131k boyutu da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na sahip y\u00fcksek yo\u011funluklu bir g\u00f6zenek a\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bu homojen g\u00f6zenek yap\u0131s\u0131, temizlenmemi\u015f topra\u011f\u0131n d\u00fczensiz, ta\u015fla bozulmu\u015f g\u00f6zenek yap\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir derecede farkl\u0131 su hareket davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretir:<\/p>\n

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Daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131zma oran\u0131<\/p>\n

Ta\u015flardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ince toprak, g\u00f6zenek s\u00fcreklili\u011fini bozan art\u0131k ta\u015flar i\u00e7eren ayn\u0131 granit topra\u011fa k\u0131yasla damla sulama suyunu 2-4 kat daha h\u0131zl\u0131 emer. Daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131zma oran\u0131, sulama suyunun y\u00fczey buharla\u015fmas\u0131yla \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesine girmesi anlam\u0131na gelir; bu da toprak nemi yenileme olay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na gereken toplam sulama hacmini azalt\u0131r. Tamamen ta\u015f temizleme uygulamas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ve sonra sulama s\u00fcresini \u00f6l\u00e7en Koreli y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 patates \u00e7ift\u00e7ileri, e\u015fde\u011fer toprak nemi hedeflerinde sulama olay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na damla sulama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinde s\u00fcrekli olarak 20-351 TP5T azalma bildirmektedir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ya\u011fmur sonras\u0131 daha h\u0131zl\u0131 drenaj<\/p>\n

Sulama suyunun emilimini h\u0131zland\u0131ran ayn\u0131 y\u00fcksek s\u0131zma oran\u0131, \u015fiddetli ya\u011fmurlardan sonra drenaj\u0131 da h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r. Toprak g\u00f6zenek a\u011f\u0131 ta\u015flarla t\u0131kanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, fazla ya\u011fmur suyu profil boyunca daha h\u0131zl\u0131 drene olur; bu da tayfun olaylar\u0131ndan sonra patates k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesinde su birikmesinin s\u00fcresini azalt\u0131r. (Hastal\u0131k y\u00f6netimi makalesinde ele al\u0131nan) yan\u0131kl\u0131k ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131, bu daha h\u0131zl\u0131 drenaj\u0131n do\u011frudan bir sonucudur: daha k\u0131sa yaprak \u0131slakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcreleri, daha az ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 enfeksiyon olay\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Su tutma kapasitesinde iyile\u015fme<\/p>\n

THOR y\u00f6ntemiyle par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f granitten elde edilen ince mineral par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131, temizlenmemi\u015f topraktaki iri, k\u0131smen par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131klara g\u00f6re daha fazla toplam y\u00fczey alan\u0131na sahiptir. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fczey alan\u0131, her bir par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n etraf\u0131ndaki k\u0131lcal filmde daha fazla su tutar; bu da topra\u011f\u0131n sulama olaylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda k\u00f6klere nem sa\u011flama yetene\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r. Bu iyile\u015ftirilmi\u015f su tutma kapasitesi, Kore y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerindeki ilkbahar kurak d\u00f6nemlerinde patates mahsul\u00fcn\u00fc nem stresi e\u015fiklerinin \u00fczerinde tutmak i\u00e7in gereken sulama s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Kore Y\u00fcksek Rak\u0131ml\u0131 Patatesi \u0130\u00e7in Damla Sulama Sistemi Kurulumu<\/h2>\n

\"PSW-3200<\/p>\n

Kore y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 patateslerinde ince duvarl\u0131 damlama band\u0131 (y\u0131ll\u0131k patates mahsulleri i\u00e7in standart) kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan damlama sulama, 4. A\u015fama ekim i\u015fleminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak veya 3. A\u015fama'da toprak i\u015fleme i\u015fleminden hemen sonra kurulur. Damlama hatt\u0131n\u0131n ekilen tohum par\u00e7as\u0131na ve sulanan k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6re yerle\u015fimi, b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsimi boyunca sulama verimlili\u011fini belirleyen en \u00f6nemli kurulum karar\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n

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Yanal pozisyon:<\/span><\/p>\n

Her patates s\u0131ras\u0131na, tohum par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n yanal konumundan yakla\u015f\u0131k 5-8 cm uzakl\u0131kta, s\u0131rt y\u00fczeyine bir damlama hatt\u0131 yerle\u015ftirin. Damlat\u0131c\u0131 do\u011frudan tohumla temas etmiyorsa, hatt\u0131 do\u011frudan ekilen tohumun \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftirmek kabul edilebilir. Ama\u00e7, do\u011frudan tohumun \u00fczerinde de\u011fil, k\u00f6k geli\u015fim yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 i\u00e7inde (olgunlukta g\u00f6vde taban\u0131ndan 15 cm i\u00e7inde) yanal bir konumda olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Verici aral\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/span><\/p>\n

Kore'de y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde yeti\u015ftirilen patatesler i\u00e7in standart damlama sulama sistemlerinde damlat\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 20-30 cm'dir. Bu aral\u0131k, tipik 3-5 km\/saat damlat\u0131c\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 ve toprak infiltrasyon h\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, s\u0131ra boyunca homojen nem da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flamak \u00fczere kalibre edilmi\u015ftir. Ta\u015flardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ince topraklarda, daha y\u00fcksek infiltrasyon h\u0131z\u0131, daha kaba topraklarda daha s\u0131k aral\u0131k (20 cm) ile daha yava\u015f yanal infiltrasyonu telafi etmeye k\u0131yasla, e\u015fde\u011fer k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesi nem da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in biraz daha geni\u015f bir damlat\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na (30 cm) olanak tan\u0131r. \u0130lk sulamadan sonra, s\u0131ra boyunca y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek damlat\u0131c\u0131lar aras\u0131nda kuru b\u00f6lgeler olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin; e\u011fer kuru b\u00f6lgeler 10 cm'den daha geni\u015fse, bir sonraki sezonda damlat\u0131c\u0131 se\u00e7iminde damlat\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Derinlik \u2014 y\u00fczeyde mi yoksa topra\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131nda m\u0131:<\/span><\/p>\n

Y\u00fczeye serilen damlama band\u0131 (s\u0131rt y\u00fczeyine serilen), Kore y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k patates mahsulleri i\u00e7in standartt\u0131r; t\u0131kanma ve hasar i\u00e7in kolay g\u00f6rsel inceleme sa\u011flar ve hasat s\u0131ras\u0131nda tekrar kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere geri al\u0131nabilir. Topra\u011fa g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc damlama band\u0131 (kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131rt y\u00fczeyinin 5-8 cm alt\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilen), damlat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n \u0131slatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlardan y\u00fczey buharla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve toprak y\u0131\u011fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda ta\u015f delinme riskini azalt\u0131r; ancak ekim makinesinde \u00f6zel bir damlama band\u0131 g\u00f6mme aparat\u0131 gerektirir ve genellikle sezon sonunda tekrar kullan\u0131lamaz. Ta\u015f temizlenmi\u015f tarlalarda Kore y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 patates i\u00e7in y\u00fczeye serilen bant pratik bir standartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Sulama Planlamas\u0131 \u2014 B\u00fcy\u00fcmenin \u00dc\u00e7 Kritik A\u015famas\u0131 Penceresi<\/h2>\n

Kore'deki y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 patates yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde sulama planlamas\u0131, al\u00e7ak rak\u0131ml\u0131 patates \u00fcretiminden farkl\u0131d\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ekim s\u0131ras\u0131nda topraktaki nem oran\u0131 (genellikle 600 m rak\u0131mda ilkbahar kar erimesi ve Mart ay\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan yeterli d\u00fczeydedir) ve genellikle fazla nem sa\u011flayan tayfun mevsimi (Temmuz-A\u011fustos) nedeniyle sulama, sezon boyunca s\u00fcrekli olarak de\u011fil, belirli k\u0131sa zaman dilimlerinde en kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir:<\/p>\n

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Pencere 1: \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f Deste\u011fi (Nisan sonu \u2013 May\u0131s ba\u015f\u0131, 600 m derinlikte)<\/p>\n

Ekimden s\u00fcrg\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en 10-18 g\u00fcn, \u00e7imlenme tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in neme en duyarl\u0131 d\u00f6nemdir. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda tohum derinli\u011findeki (8-10 cm) toprak nem seviyesi 50% tarla kapasitesinin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ferse, \u00e7imlenme gecikir ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f d\u00fczensiz olur; bu da kademeli bir ta\u00e7 geli\u015fimine yol a\u00e7arak mevsimlik verim potansiyelini azalt\u0131r. Hedef: Ekimden 50% \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fa kadar tohum derinli\u011finde 60-80% tarla kapasitesini korumak. Nisan sonu kuru ko\u015fullarda 600 m y\u00fckseklikte tipik sulama ihtiyac\u0131: \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f penceresi boyunca her biri 6-10 mm olmak \u00fczere 1-2 sulama. Daha y\u00fcksek su tutma kapasitesine sahip ta\u015f temizlenmi\u015f ince topraklarda, e\u015fde\u011fer kaba toprakl\u0131 alanlara k\u0131yasla 2 yerine sadece 1 sulama yeterli olabilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Pencere 2: Yumru Olu\u015fumu (\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131ktan 3-5 Hafta Sonra, Haziran Ay\u0131nda 600 m'de)<\/p>\n

Yumru olu\u015fumu \u2013 ilk s\u00fcrg\u00fcn u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yumru taslaklar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem \u2013 ikinci y\u00fcksek hassasiyetli d\u00f6nemdir. Yumru olu\u015fumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda su stresi, bitki ba\u015f\u0131na olu\u015fan yumru say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 (s\u00fcrg\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131) azalt\u0131r ve hasatta daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir toplam yumru pop\u00fclasyonu \u00fcretir. Bununla birlikte, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 su (yaz ba\u015f\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n drenaj kapasitesini a\u015fmas\u0131) tam tersi bir soruna yol a\u00e7ar: yumru olu\u015fumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda su birikmesi, anaerobik hassas s\u00fcrg\u00fcn geli\u015fim s\u00fcrecini kesintiye u\u011frat\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde sulama hedefi, doygunlu\u011fa ula\u015fmadan sabit toprak nemini korumakt\u0131r \u2013 tipik olarak yumru b\u00f6lgesinde -751 TP5T tarla kapasitesi. Gerekli sulama: 600 m rak\u0131mda tayfun \u00f6ncesi Haziran kuru ise, Haziran ay\u0131 boyunca tipik olarak her biri 8-12 mm olan 2-4 sulama olay\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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3. D\u00f6nem: Yumru K\u00f6klerinin Hacim Kazanmas\u0131 (Temmuz \u2013 A\u011fustos, Ana Sezon)<\/p>\n

Temmuz-A\u011fustos aylar\u0131 Kore'de tayfun mevsimidir ve genellikle y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsiminin en y\u00fcksek toplam ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131na sahip d\u00f6nemidir. Kore'deki y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7iftliklerde bu d\u00f6nemde sulama genellikle gerekli de\u011fildir; y\u00f6netim zorlu\u011fu sulamadan ziyade drenajd\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, tayfun olaylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Kore'nin Temmuz-A\u011fustos y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 iklimi, yumru geli\u015fiminin en yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde yapraklarda g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr strese neden olan 1-2 haftal\u0131k kurak aral\u0131klar olu\u015fturabilir. Bu kurak aral\u0131klarda ek sulama (toprak nemi tarla kapasitesinin 60% alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde haftal\u0131k aral\u0131klarla 6-10 mm'lik sulama) yumru geli\u015fim h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 korur ve yumru geli\u015fimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda kurakl\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerinin neden oldu\u011fu ni\u015fasta birikiminin kesintiye u\u011framas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan verim kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Tayfun Drenaj Y\u00f6netimi \u2014 Saha Tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve S\u0131rt Geometrisi<\/h2>\n

\"CT-2100<\/p>\n

Kore'deki y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7iftliklerde tayfun ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda patates s\u0131ralar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki oluklar birincil drenaj kanallar\u0131 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bu kanallar\u0131n drenaj kapasitesi - y\u00fczeydeki fazla suyun oluk boyunca tarlan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131na do\u011fru hareket etme h\u0131z\u0131 - \u00fc\u00e7 fakt\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir:<\/p>\n

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Fakt\u00f6r 1 \u2014 Ta\u015flar\u0131n toprak y\u00fczeyinden temizlenmesi:<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131rtlar aras\u0131 oluk b\u00f6lgesinde kalan ta\u015flar, oluk boyunca su ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 engeller; bu da her ta\u015f t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde su birikmesine ve s\u0131rt\u0131n ta\u015fmas\u0131na neden olan yerel barajlar olu\u015fturur. Ta\u015flardan temizlenmi\u015f oluklar (CT-2100, THOR ge\u00e7i\u015finden par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f malzemenin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlar), suyun oluk boyunca tarla \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na do\u011fru serbest\u00e7e akmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Engellenmemi\u015f oluk ak\u0131\u015f\u0131, ta\u015f t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan oluklara k\u0131yasla, \u015fiddetli ya\u011fmurdan sonra k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesinin suyla dolu kalma s\u00fcresini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Fakt\u00f6r 2 \u2014 Oluk derinli\u011fi ve e\u011fimi:<\/span><\/p>\n

Yeterli ak\u0131\u015f kapasitesi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in oluk derinli\u011fi (s\u0131rt taban\u0131n\u0131n 8-12 cm alt\u0131nda) s\u00fcrekli olarak korunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yetersiz oluk a\u00e7ma derinli\u011fi ayar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan s\u0131\u011f oluklar (6 cm'nin alt\u0131nda), \u015fiddetli ya\u011fmur s\u0131ras\u0131nda h\u0131zla dolar ve s\u0131rtlara ta\u015far. Oluk e\u011fimi, tarlan\u0131n do\u011fal e\u011fimine uymal\u0131d\u0131r; e\u011fime dik olarak uzanan oluklar, tarlan\u0131n kenar\u0131na akmak yerine biriken ve t\u0131kanmaya neden olan drenaj sistemleri olu\u015fturur. Kore'deki y\u00fcksek yayla teraslar\u0131nda, e\u011fim teras uzunlu\u011fu boyunca uzan\u0131r; bu do\u011fru drenaj y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Fakt\u00f6r 3 \u2014 Saha \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kapasitesi:<\/span><\/p>\n

Tarla \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kanal\u0131 \u2013 teras kenar\u0131 veya tarla ba\u015f\u0131 drenaj\u0131, oluklardan gelen suyun ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 en yo\u011fun tayfun ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131layacak yeterli kapasiteye sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Biriken ta\u015f ve bitki kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla t\u0131kanm\u0131\u015f tek bir tarla \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kanal\u0131, tarladaki oluk drenaj\u0131 iyi y\u00f6netilse bile, t\u00fcm tarlan\u0131n su bask\u0131n\u0131na ve su birikmesine neden olabilir. Tayfun \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde (Haziran sonu, Temmuz tayfun risk d\u00f6nemi \u00f6ncesi) tarla \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kanallar\u0131n\u0131n temizlenmesi, mahsule saatlerce su bask\u0131n\u0131 hasar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyen 30 dakikal\u0131k bir bak\u0131m i\u015flemidir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n


\n\"Kore<\/p>\n

\u0130lkbahar Kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Y\u00f6netimi \u2014 Kritik \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f D\u00f6neminde Su Tasarrufu<\/h2>\n

Kore'de 600 metre rak\u0131mdaki y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7iftlikler, karakteristik bir Nisan sonu kurak d\u00f6nemi ya\u015farlar; bu d\u00f6nem, kar erimesinin tamamlanmas\u0131ndan sonra ve muson mevsiminin ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, g\u00fcneye bakan granit topraklardan g\u00fcnl\u00fck buharla\u015fman\u0131n, ya\u011f\u0131\u015ftan gelen g\u00fcnl\u00fck nem yenilenmesini a\u015fabilece\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemdir. Bu Nisan sonu kurak d\u00f6nemi, patateslerin \u00e7imlenme d\u00f6nemiyle (600 metrede Nisan sonu ekiminden 10-18 g\u00fcn sonra) \u00e7ak\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsiminin en su stresi hassasiyetine sahip d\u00f6nemini olu\u015fturur. Bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 su tasarrufu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131:<\/p>\n

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Yakla\u015f\u0131m 1:<\/span><\/p>\n

Zaman\u0131nda toprak s\u00fcrme ve ekim.<\/strong> Toprak i\u015fleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan oluk a\u00e7ma i\u015flemi, nemli alt topra\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczey buharla\u015fmas\u0131na maruz b\u0131rak\u0131r; oluk a\u00e7ma ve ekim aras\u0131ndaki her g\u00fcn, normalde tohum derinli\u011finde mevcut olacak olan nemin toprak s\u0131rt\u0131ndan kaybolmas\u0131na neden olur. Oluk a\u00e7ma-ekim aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirmek (en fazla 2-5 g\u00fcn), PSW-3200 toprak i\u015fleme y\u00f6nteminin tarla kapasitesine getirdi\u011fi nemi korur. Ekimden bir hafta \u00f6nce oluk a\u00e7\u0131p bekleyen \u00e7iftlikler, genellikle 3 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde oluk a\u00e7\u0131p ekim yapanlara g\u00f6re ekim s\u0131ras\u0131nda toprak s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeyinin daha kuru oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131m 2:<\/span><\/p>\n

Nem koruyucu mal\u00e7 olarak ince i\u015flenmi\u015f toprak.<\/strong> S\u0131rt y\u00fczeyindeki ince toprak (2-3 cm ince mineral par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131), k\u0131lcal bariyer g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rerek y\u00fczey buharla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 alttaki nemli alt topraktan ay\u0131r\u0131r. Kaba toprak y\u00fczeyleri (ince par\u00e7ac\u0131k tabakas\u0131n\u0131 bozan art\u0131k ta\u015flar), k\u0131lcal nemin derinlikten y\u00fczeye y\u00fckselmesine izin vererek buharla\u015fmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r. Ta\u015flardan temizlenmi\u015f topraklarda PSW-3200'\u00fcn \u00e7ift ge\u00e7i\u015fi, bu do\u011fal mal\u00e7 tabakas\u0131 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren ince y\u00fczey toprak yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur; bu da ta\u015f temizleme ve toprak i\u015fleme yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bir di\u011fer su y\u00f6netimi i\u015flevidir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

3. Yakla\u015f\u0131m:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7imlenme \u00f6ncesi sulama izleme.<\/strong> Ekim g\u00fcn\u00fcnde toprak nem sens\u00f6rlerini (s\u0131rt b\u00f6lgesine 10 cm derinli\u011fe basit tansiyometreler) yerle\u015ftirin ve ekimden sonraki 10. g\u00fcnden itibaren g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak okuyun. E\u011fer tansiyometre okumas\u0131, filizlenme do\u011frulanmadan \u00f6nce toprak tipi i\u00e7in belirlenen nem stresi e\u015fi\u011fini a\u015farsa, s\u0131rt b\u00f6lgesini su basmadan veya y\u00fczeyde toprak birikmesine neden olmadan filizlenme b\u00f6lgesindeki nemi eski haline getirmek i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00f6n filiz sulama i\u015flemi (yava\u015f damlama h\u0131z\u0131nda 5-8 mm) uygulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n
\n
\nKore y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 patatesi i\u00e7in her bir damlama sulama ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 saatte ka\u00e7 litre su vermelidir?<\/summary>\n

Standart Kore y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 patates damlama sulama band\u0131n\u0131n damlat\u0131c\u0131 debisi, standart \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bas\u0131nc\u0131nda (0,8\u20131,2 bar) damlat\u0131c\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na saatte 0,6\u20131,0 litredir. Her sulama i\u015fleminde toplam sulama hacmi, damlat\u0131c\u0131 debisi, damlat\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, sulama s\u00fcresi ve yanal aral\u0131k (70\u201380 cm s\u0131ra aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131ra ba\u015f\u0131na bir hat) ile belirlenir. Pratik bir referans olarak: 1000 m\u00b2'lik bir tarla b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne 30 cm damlat\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131yla 0,8 L\/saat damlat\u0131c\u0131 debisinde damlama band\u0131 ile uygulanan 1 mm sulama (m\u00b2 ba\u015f\u0131na 1 litre) yakla\u015f\u0131k 45 dakika sulama s\u00fcresi gerektirir. Damlat\u0131c\u0131 debisini, tarlan\u0131zdaki sistemin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bas\u0131nc\u0131na g\u00f6re bant \u00fcreticisinin spesifikasyonundan do\u011frulay\u0131n \u2014 Kore y\u00fcksek rak\u0131m\u0131, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m y\u00fcksekli\u011fi telafi edilmedi\u011fi takdirde, e\u015fde\u011fer pompa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda al\u00e7ak rak\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7iftliklere g\u00f6re biraz daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck sistem bas\u0131nc\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Kore'deki y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 damlama sulama sistemlerinde, tarla i\u00e7indeki y\u00fckseklik de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin yanal hat boyunca bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fimlerine neden olabilece\u011fi durumlarda, bas\u0131n\u00e7 dengeleyici damlat\u0131c\u0131 bantlar (\u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131nda sabit \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f) tercih edilir.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nEP-ERA toprak y\u0131\u011fma i\u015flemi damlama band\u0131n\u0131 yerinden oynat\u0131yor mu ve yeniden konumland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor mu?<\/summary>\n

Evet \u2014 EP-ERA y\u00f6ntemiyle toprak y\u0131\u011fma i\u015flemi, topra\u011f\u0131 yanlara do\u011fru savurarak damlama band\u0131n\u0131 orijinal konumundan hafif\u00e7e kayd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, y\u00fczeye serilen damlama band\u0131n\u0131 genellikle y\u0131\u011fma \u00f6ncesi konumundan yerinden oynat\u0131r. Bu yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme, tipik olarak orijinal konumdan 3-8 cm kadard\u0131r; bu da, bant \u00e7ok hassas bir \u015fekilde serilmi\u015fse, damlat\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 hedef k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yeterlidir. Standart prosed\u00fcr: EP-ERA y\u00f6ntemiyle toprak y\u0131\u011fma i\u015flemi tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, tarlay\u0131 gezin ve s\u0131rt merkez \u00e7izgisinden 10 cm'den fazla hareket etmi\u015f olan bant b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini yeniden konumland\u0131r\u0131n. Yeniden konumland\u0131rma i\u015flemi hektar ba\u015f\u0131na 15-20 dakika s\u00fcrer ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc s\u0131rt\u0131 kapat\u0131p eri\u015fimi engellemeden \u00f6nceki son bant y\u00f6netimi i\u015flemidir. Baz\u0131 Koreli y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7ift\u00e7iler, yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda damlama band\u0131na k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck toprak klipsleri takarlar; bu basit ekleme, toprak y\u0131\u011fma sonras\u0131 yeniden konumland\u0131rma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nTa\u015f temizleme i\u015flemi, damlama band\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f delinme oran\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l azalt\u0131r?<\/summary>\n

Y\u00fczey ve y\u00fczey alt\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n damlama bantlar\u0131n\u0131 delmesi, temizlenmemi\u015f Kore y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 tarlalarda sulama i\u015fletmesinin en az tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan ancak pratikte \u00f6nemli maliyetlerinden biridir. Y\u00fczeyde veya hemen alt\u0131nda bulunan keskin k\u00f6\u015feli ta\u015flar (EP-EW-4000 toplama e\u015fi\u011fi: toplanmayan 5 cm'nin alt\u0131ndaki ta\u015flar), EP-ERA kollar\u0131 toprak ve y\u00fczey malzemesini bant \u00fczerine f\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ince duvarl\u0131 damlama bantlar\u0131n\u0131 delebilir veya a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rabilir. Ta\u015flardan temizlenmi\u015f tarlalarda, bant \u00fczerine f\u0131rlat\u0131lan dolgu malzemesi yaln\u0131zca ince toprak par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7erir - keskin k\u00f6\u015feli par\u00e7alar i\u00e7ermez. Temizlenmemi\u015f tarlalarda ise, dolgu malzemesi, bant y\u00fczeyinde a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren ve dolgu bas\u0131nc\u0131nda delme noktalar\u0131 olu\u015fturan k\u00f6\u015feli ta\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Ta\u015flardan temizlenmi\u015f Kore y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 patates i\u015fletmelerinde ortalama damlama band\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme maliyeti, ayn\u0131 bant \u00f6zelliklerini kullanan e\u015fde\u011fer temizlenmemi\u015f i\u015fletmelere k\u0131yasla, genellikle b\u00fcy\u00fcme sezonu ba\u015f\u0131na 40-601 TP5T daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\n\u0130lkbaharda ta\u015f temizleme i\u015flemlerinden \u00f6nce mi yoksa sonra m\u0131 sulama yapmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/summary>\n

Ta\u015f temizleme i\u015flemlerinden hemen \u00f6nce asla sulama yapmay\u0131n; THOR 2.4 ve PSW-3200 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ideal toprak nemi yakla\u015f\u0131k 50\u201360% tarla kapasitesindedir (sert ancak \u0131slak de\u011fil). Tarla kapasitesinde veya \u00fczerinde \u0131slak toprak, PSW-3200'\u00fcn ince toprak i\u015fleme yetene\u011fini azalt\u0131r (rotovat\u00f6r kesmek yerine yayar) ve THOR 2.4'\u00fcn daha az verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na neden olur (toprak kohezyonu direnci art\u0131r\u0131r ve ta\u015f\u0131 par\u00e7alayan darbe etkinli\u011fini azalt\u0131r). Mart ay\u0131nda tarla a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kuruysa (kurak bir \u015eubat ay\u0131ndan sonra nadir ancak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn), toprak nemini 50\u201360% tarla kapasitesine getirmek i\u00e7in ta\u015f temizleme i\u015flemlerinden 3-4 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce hafif bir sulama kabul edilebilir; 3-4 g\u00fcnl\u00fck aral\u0131k, THOR ve PSW-3200 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan \u00f6nce fazla y\u00fczey neminin bo\u015falmas\u0131n\u0131 ve dengelenmesini sa\u011flar. Kore'nin y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde ilkbaharda, Mart ay\u0131ndaki ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar \u00e7o\u011fu y\u0131l ek sulamaya gerek kalmadan THOR ve PSW-3200 sistemlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli nemi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nKore h\u00fck\u00fcmeti programlar\u0131, y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 patates tarlalar\u0131na damlama sulama sistemi kurulumunu destekleyebilir mi?<\/summary>\n

Evet \u2014 Kore'deki y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7iftliklerde damlama sulama sistemlerinin kurulumu, Kore K\u0131rsal Topluluk Kurulu\u015fu (KRCC) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen ve sebze ve patates yeti\u015ftirme alanlar\u0131nda damlama sulama sistemi kurulumu da dahil olmak \u00fczere su kullan\u0131m verimlili\u011fi altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 finanse eden tar\u0131msal altyap\u0131 iyile\u015ftirme program\u0131 (nongop giban siseol gaenyangsa-eop) kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Program, onaylanm\u0131\u015f projelerde 50-701 TP5T hibe katk\u0131s\u0131yla sistem malzemelerini (damlama band\u0131, ana hatlar, filtreler, bas\u0131n\u00e7 reg\u00fclat\u00f6rleri) ve kurulum i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fini kapsar. Bireysel \u00e7iftlik projeleri genellikle minimum y\u0131ll\u0131k su tasarrufu g\u00f6sterimi veya minimum sulama alan\u0131 gerektirir (g\u00fcncel e\u015fikler i\u00e7in KRCC b\u00f6lge ofisiyle teyit edin). Birden fazla \u00e7iftli\u011fin sulama kurulum projelerini tek bir ba\u015fvuruda birle\u015ftiren kooperatif ba\u015fvurular\u0131, daha y\u00fcksek toplam hibe fonuna eri\u015febilir. \u0130l\u00e7enizdeki y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 patates damlama sulama deste\u011fi i\u00e7in g\u00fcncel ba\u015fvuru d\u00f6nemi hakk\u0131nda bilgi almak i\u00e7in il\u00e7enizdeki RDA yay\u0131m ofisiyle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7in.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

Highland Su Y\u00f6netim Sistemi \u2014 Ta\u015f Temizleme Temelinden Sulama Verimlili\u011fine<\/p>\n

\u00c7iftlik rak\u0131m\u0131 + mevcut drenaj sorunlar\u0131 + sulama d\u00fczeni (damla veya ya\u011fmurlama) + ta\u015f temizleme ge\u00e7mi\u015fi \u2192 ta\u015f temizleme kalitesini sulama verimlili\u011fi iyile\u015ftirmeleri ve tayfun ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 y\u00f6netimiyle ili\u015fkilendiren entegre \u00f6neri. Korea Watanabe, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do.<\/p>\n

Hemen bizimle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7in<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Edit\u00f6r: Cxm<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Korean Highland Farm Water Management \u2014 Irrigation, Drainage, and the Stone Clearing Connection Korean highland granite soils swing between two extremes: late April drought that stresses emerging potato seedlings and July typhoon rainfall that waterloggs inadequately drained ridges. Stone-cleared, fine-tilth ridges handle both extremes better than un-prepared fields \u2014 and understanding why changes how you […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-application-and-technical-guid"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/749","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=749"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/749\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":752,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/749\/revisions\/752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=749"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=749"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=749"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}