{"id":1070,"date":"2026-06-17T03:44:34","date_gmt":"2026-06-17T03:44:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/?p=1070"},"modified":"2026-06-17T03:44:34","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T03:44:34","slug":"rock-crusher-rubber-thailand-vietnam-indonesia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/rock-crusher-rubber-thailand-vietnam-indonesia\/","title":{"rendered":"Kau\u00e7uk \u00dcretimi \u0130\u00e7in Kaya K\u0131rma Makinesi \u2014 Tayland, Vietnam ve Endonezya"},"content":{"rendered":"
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KAU\u00c7UK PLANTASYONU UYGULAMASI<\/span><\/div>\n

Kau\u00e7uk \u00dcretimi \u0130\u00e7in Kaya K\u0131rma Makinesi \u2014 Tayland, Vietnam ve Endonezya<\/h1>\n

Bu k\u0131lavuzda yer alan kau\u00e7uk, hasat edilmeyen tek \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr; kau\u00e7uktan a\u011fa\u00e7tan \u00f6zsuyu al\u0131n\u0131r. Ta\u015f, \u00fczerinde yeti\u015fen bitkilerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaz. Ta\u015f, akmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bas\u0131nc\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Turgor g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc<\/div>\n
Lateks ak\u0131\u015f mekanizmas\u0131<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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DRC 30%<\/div>\n
K\u00fctle oran\u0131 kalite kap\u0131s\u0131<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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12\u201318 ay<\/div>\n
Kahverengi lifli panel dinlenme yeri<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Kau\u00e7uk Plantasyonu Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Bu e-seri k\u0131lavuzunun ilk 40 makalesindeki her \u00fcr\u00fcn, hasat an\u0131nda var olan fiziksel bir madde \u00fcretmek \u00fczere yeti\u015ftirilir: bir meyve, bir tohum, bir kaps\u00fcl, bir de\u011firmende \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir ya\u011f, topraktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir k\u00f6k, bir daldan kopar\u0131lan bir yaprak. \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn verimli organlar\u0131 geli\u015fir, olgunla\u015f\u0131r ve bitkiden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r veya bitkinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc presleme veya \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme yoluyla elde edilir. Bu nedenle, her biri i\u00e7in ta\u015f y\u00f6netimi arg\u00fcman\u0131 yap\u0131sal olarak ayn\u0131 olmu\u015ftur: ta\u015f k\u00f6k geli\u015fimini k\u0131s\u0131tlar, k\u00f6k k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fcr\u00fcne mineral ve su tedarikini azalt\u0131r ve \u00fcr\u00fcn, ta\u015fs\u0131z zeminde olaca\u011f\u0131ndan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaliteli veya daha hastal\u0131kl\u0131 olur. Do\u011fal kau\u00e7uk (Hevea brasiliensis<\/em> M\u00fcll.Arg.) seriye temelde farkl\u0131 bir \u00fcretim modeli getiriyor: \u00fcr\u00fcn, olu\u015fup \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir \u00fcr\u00fcn elde etmek i\u00e7in yeti\u015ftirilmiyor. Kau\u00e7uk a\u011fac\u0131ndan \u00f6zsuyu al\u0131n\u0131yor \u2013 her g\u00fcn canl\u0131 kabuk kesiliyor ve kesilen yerden bir s\u0131v\u0131 ak\u0131yor ve bu s\u0131v\u0131 ticari \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ta kendisi. Kau\u00e7uk a\u011fac\u0131 bir \u00fcr\u00fcn fabrikas\u0131 de\u011fil; bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 bir sistem ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck verim, \u00f6zsuyu al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda kabu\u011fun laktifer h\u00fccre a\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7indeki hidrolik bas\u0131nca ba\u011fl\u0131 bir fonksiyon.<\/p>\n

Bu ayr\u0131m, ta\u015f y\u00f6netimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, daha \u00f6nceki hi\u00e7bir E serisi arg\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131n yakalayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Kau\u00e7uk plantasyonunun k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesindeki ta\u015f, sadece 8 ay veya 3 y\u0131l sonra hasat edilecek bir \u015feyin geli\u015fimini k\u0131s\u0131tlamaz. K\u00f6k sisteminin su emme kapasitesini azalt\u0131r; bu da, a\u011fac\u0131n 25-30 y\u0131ll\u0131k verimli \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca her kesim g\u00fcn\u00fcnde, her kesimde, lateksin turgorla y\u00f6nlendirilen ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu nedenle, ta\u015f y\u00f6netimi yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n getirisi, plantasyonun t\u00fcm verimli \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca her kesim olay\u0131nda marjinal ak\u0131\u015f iyile\u015ftirmesinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak bile\u015fiklenmesidir: daha \u00f6nceki hi\u00e7bir E serisi \u00fcr\u00fcne benzemeyen bir gelir yap\u0131s\u0131. Bu k\u0131lavuz, kesim paneli kahverengi kabuk bozuklu\u011fu (ta\u015f kaynakl\u0131 stresin tetikledi\u011fi bir kabuk fizyolojik ar\u0131zas\u0131) ve kuru kau\u00e7uk i\u00e7eri\u011fi k\u00fctle oran\u0131 (makadamya E-30 ve ya\u011f palmiyesi E-40'tan sonra serideki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u00fctle oran\u0131 kalite \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc) ile birlikte, \u015funlar\u0131 kapsar: kau\u00e7uk i\u00e7in kaya k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131<\/strong> Tayland, Vietnam ve Endonezya'da, y\u0131lda 14 milyon tonluk d\u00fcnya pazar\u0131nda do\u011fal kau\u00e7uk \u00fcretiminde \u00f6nde gelen \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclke olan bu \u00fclkelerde, plantasyon uygulamalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyor.<\/p>\n

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Lateks Turgoru \u2014 Stone Management'\u0131n \u0130lk Hidrolik Arg\u00fcman\u0131<\/h2>\n

\"Tayland'\u0131n<\/p>\n

Lateksin Hevea brasiliensis<\/em> Lateks, laticifer ad\u0131 verilen uzun h\u00fccrelerden olu\u015fan bir a\u011fda \u00fcretilir; bu a\u011f, kabu\u011fun i\u00e7inden (\u00f6zellikle sert d\u0131\u015f kabuk ile kambiyum aras\u0131ndaki yumu\u015fak floem parankima tabakas\u0131nda) ge\u00e7en, elastik duvarl\u0131 t\u00fcplerden olu\u015fan s\u00fcrekli bir sistemdir. A\u011fa\u00e7tan \u00f6zsuyu almak i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015f kabukta \u00e7apraz bir kesik yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, lateks kesik y\u00fczeyden akar \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc laticifer h\u00fccreleri pozitif turgor bas\u0131nc\u0131 alt\u0131ndad\u0131r; bu, bitki h\u00fccrelerini sert tutan hidrolik mekanizman\u0131n ayn\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r, ancak laticifer durumunda bas\u0131n\u00e7, kesik y\u00fczeyden s\u0131v\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 her kesimde 2-4 saat boyunca sa\u011flayacak kadar y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n

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Lateks ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendiren laticifer turgor mekanizmas\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Laticifer turgor bas\u0131nc\u0131 Hevea brasiliensis<\/em> Bu durum, birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 iki mekanizma taraf\u0131ndan korunmaktad\u0131r. Birincisi, ozmotik bas\u0131n\u00e7: Laktifer \u00f6zsuyu, y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonlarda s\u00fckroz, inositol, amino asitler ve kau\u00e7uk par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 (sulu fazda da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f cis-poliizopren) i\u00e7erir; bunlar birlikte, \u00e7evredeki kabuk dokusundan \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha negatif bir ozmotik potansiyel olu\u015fturarak suyu i\u00e7eri \u00e7eker ve turgoru korur. \u0130kincisi, elastik h\u00fccre duvar\u0131 gerilimi: Laktifer h\u00fccre duvarlar\u0131 elastiktir (geni\u015flemeye direnen lateks p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 cisimler i\u00e7erir), bu nedenle h\u00fccre, kendi dolu hacminden kaynaklanan mekanik gerilim alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Her iki mekanizma da k\u00f6k sisteminden s\u00fcrekli su teminine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r: Ozmotik potansiyel, ancak ozmotik olarak laktifere \u00e7ekilen suyun, k\u00f6klerden gelen ksilem su hareketiyle s\u00fcrekli olarak yenilenmesi durumunda korunabilir. Besleyici k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesinin ta\u015fla k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131, toprak suyuyla temas alan\u0131n\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u00f6k sisteminin ksileme su sa\u011flama h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r; bu da, laktifer turgorunun, kesme aral\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131nda korunma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Ta\u015f olu\u015fumunun k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck lateks \u00fcretimini nas\u0131l niceliksel olarak azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kau\u00e7uk a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131ndan \u00f6zsuyu alma i\u015fleminde turgor-verim ili\u015fkisi, Tayland Kau\u00e7uk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (RRIT) ve Malezya Kau\u00e7uk Kurulu (MRB) taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 \u00f6zsuyu alma denemeleriyle nicel olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Tam turgor alt\u0131nda (toprak su potansiyeli tarla kapasitesinde, 0 ila -0,03 MPa) \u00f6zsuyu al\u0131nan bir kau\u00e7uk a\u011fac\u0131, en y\u00fcksek verimlilikte (7-15. y\u0131llar) a\u011fa\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131na her kesimde yakla\u015f\u0131k 35-55 ml lateks verir. K\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesinde su stresi ya\u015fayan (toprak su potansiyeli -0,08 ila -0,15 MPa) bir kau\u00e7uk a\u011fac\u0131 ise kesim ba\u015f\u0131na 15-30 ml verir; bu da ayn\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7tan, ayn\u0131 kesimden, ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn saatinde elde edilen ak\u0131\u015f hacminde 30-451 TP5T'lik bir azalmaya kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir. 0\u201330 cm besleyici k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesinde ta\u015f k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131, mevsimsel kurakl\u0131ktan farkl\u0131, kronik hafif bir su stresi durumu yarat\u0131r: Toprak su potansiyeli ciddi \u015fekilde t\u00fckenmez (ger\u00e7ek bir kurak mevsimde oldu\u011fu gibi), ancak ta\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131n su tutma kapasitesini azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve mevcut toprak suyuna eri\u015fen k\u00f6k y\u00fczey alan\u0131n\u0131 azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, ta\u015fs\u0131z e\u015fde\u011fer topra\u011fa g\u00f6re s\u00fcrekli olarak 0,03\u20130,08 MPa daha negatiftir. RRIT'nin Chachoengsao \u0130stasyonu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 parselleri, ayn\u0131 klon, ya\u015f ve a\u011fa\u00e7 kesme sistemine sahip ta\u015fs\u0131z kontrol parsellerine k\u0131yasla, granit ta\u015fl\u0131 parsellerde (12\u201328 cm'de 25\u201335% ta\u015f \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc) 3 ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k \u00fcretim y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca a\u011fa\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131na g\u00fcnl\u00fck lateks veriminin 18\u201328% daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011funu belgelemektedir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

K\u0131\u015f mevsiminin birle\u015fik etkisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hevea brasiliensis<\/em> Kau\u00e7uk a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya kau\u00e7uk yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde \"k\u0131\u015flama\" olarak bilinen y\u0131ll\u0131k bir yaprak d\u00f6kme d\u00f6neminden ge\u00e7erler. Bu d\u00f6nem, Tayland'\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki plantasyonlarda genellikle \u015eubat ve Nisan aylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Endonezya Kalimantan'da ise Kas\u0131m-Ocak aylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu d\u00f6nemde t\u00fcm yapraklar ayn\u0131 anda d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr ve a\u011fa\u00e7, yeni yapraklar \u00e7\u0131kana kadar 4-6 hafta boyunca k\u00f6k sisteminde, g\u00f6vdesinde ve kabu\u011funda depolanm\u0131\u015f karbonhidrat rezervlerine g\u00fcvenir. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda, fotosentetik s\u00fckroz \u00fcretimi olmadan, laktifer ozmotik potansiyeli yenilenemedi\u011fi ve turgor minimum seviyelere d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in, kau\u00e7uktan \u00f6zsuyu alma i\u015flemi genellikle ask\u0131ya al\u0131n\u0131r (veya verim keskin bir \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015fer). Ta\u015fla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 k\u00f6k sistemleri, ta\u015fs\u0131z e\u015fde\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck toplam k\u00f6k biyok\u00fctlesine ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ni\u015fasta depolama kapasitesine sahiptir; bu da k\u0131\u015flamadan kurtulman\u0131n (laktifer ozmotik potansiyelinin yeniden olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve verimli \u00f6zsuyu alma veriminin yeniden ba\u015flamas\u0131) ta\u015fl\u0131 alanlarda ta\u015fs\u0131z alanlara g\u00f6re 1-2 hafta daha uzun s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelir. K\u0131\u015flama sonras\u0131 verim toparlanmas\u0131nda ya\u015fanan bu 1-2 haftal\u0131k gecikme, hektar ba\u015f\u0131na verimli a\u011fa\u00e7 say\u0131s\u0131 (tipik olarak 400-500 a\u011fa\u00e7) ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck lateks fiyat\u0131na (a\u011fa\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 50-120 THB) ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, hektar ba\u015f\u0131na 20.000-60.000 THB ek y\u0131ll\u0131k maliyete yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r ve bu durum, \u00f6nceki E serisi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin mevsimsel de\u011ferlendirmelerinde benzeri olmayan bir durumdur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Tapping Panel Brown Bast \u2014 When the Bark Stops Flow<\/h2>\n

\"CT-2100<\/p>\n

Kahverengi kabuk (resmi ad\u0131yla Kalamar Paneli Kurumas\u0131 - TPD), ticari kau\u00e7uk \u00fcretiminin en \u00f6nemli fizyolojik bozuklu\u011fudur ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bir a\u011fac\u0131n kalamar panelinden lateks ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n giderek durmas\u0131yla karakterize edilir. Kalamar kesen ki\u015fi ayn\u0131 paneli g\u00fcnlerce keser, ancak akmas\u0131 gereken sar\u0131-beyaz lateks art\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez. Kesim noktas\u0131ndaki kabuk karar\u0131r (duruma ad\u0131n\u0131 veren \"kahverengi kabuk\" haline gelir) ve sonunda panelin kendisi \u00e7atlayabilir veya deforme olabilir. A\u011fa\u00e7 \u00f6lm\u00fcyor, ancak ticari \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcreten kabuk organ\u0131, i\u015flevsel olarak verimsiz bir duruma girmi\u015ftir ve bu durumdan kurtulmak i\u00e7in 12-18 ay boyunca kalamar kesiminden zorunlu olarak uzak durulmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

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Kahverengi lif mekanizmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kahverengi kabuk, laktifer h\u00fccreleri a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sukroz t\u00fcketimi nedeniyle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 strese maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda geli\u015fir; yani, a\u011fac\u0131n fotosentezi ve k\u00f6k al\u0131m\u0131yla yerine koyabilece\u011finden daha fazla sukroz laktifer sisteminden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda. Bu metabolik t\u00fckenme \u015funlar\u0131 tetikler: (1) laktiferde lutoid (vakuol) y\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131, lateks kanal\u0131n\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak t\u0131kayan p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011fin sal\u0131nmas\u0131; (2) h\u00fccre duvar\u0131 kal\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na ve nihayetinde kabuk h\u00fccresi \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olan etilen kaskad\u0131. Kanal t\u0131kand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, panel verimsiz hale gelir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Ta\u015f\u0131n kahverengi lif e\u015fi\u011fini nas\u0131l h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ta\u015f birikimi, hem k\u00f6k sukroz al\u0131m h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 (mineral stresi) hem de k\u00f6k su tedarik h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 (turgor stresi) azalt\u0131r. Her iki eksiklik de laktiferin, kesimler aras\u0131nda sukroz yenileme kapasitesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ta\u015f birikiminin oldu\u011fu alanlarda, sukroz yenileme h\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr; yani, ta\u015fs\u0131z bir a\u011fac\u0131n kahverengi kabuk olu\u015fmadan kald\u0131rabilece\u011fi ayn\u0131 kesim yo\u011funlu\u011fu (s\u0131kl\u0131k \u00d7 kesim uzunlu\u011fu), ta\u015f birikiminin oldu\u011fu bir a\u011fa\u00e7 i\u00e7in stres e\u015fi\u011fini a\u015far. Ta\u015f birikiminin oldu\u011fu a\u011fa\u00e7lar, stres i\u00e7ermeyen klon muadillerine g\u00f6re 20-35% daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kesim yo\u011funluklar\u0131nda kahverengi kabuk geli\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Ticari gelir \u00fczerindeki etki<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kau\u00e7uk a\u011fac\u0131 tipik olarak ayn\u0131 anda tek bir aktif kesme paneli (yar\u0131m spiral, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru kesim) ta\u015f\u0131r. Aktif panelde kahverengi kabuk olu\u015ftu\u011funda, kesme i\u015flemini yapan ki\u015fi \u015funlar\u0131 yapmal\u0131d\u0131r: (a) (varsa) kar\u015f\u0131 panele ge\u00e7melidir - yani kahverengi kabuklu panel 12-18 ay boyunca tekrar kullan\u0131lamaz; (b) her iki panel de etkilenmi\u015fse, a\u011fa\u00e7 dinlenme s\u0131ras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir verim vermez. Ta\u015fl\u0131 alanlarda, RRIT verileri, standart 2d\/3 (her 2 g\u00fcnde bir, haftada 3 kesim) ile kesilen a\u011fa\u00e7larda 12-18% kahverengi kabuk olu\u015fum oran\u0131 g\u00f6sterirken, ayn\u0131 klonun ayn\u0131 kesme sisteminde ta\u015ftan temizlenmi\u015f parsellerinde bu oran 4-7%'dir - ta\u015f kaynakl\u0131 fizyolojik duyarl\u0131l\u0131ktan kaynaklanan 2-4 kat daha y\u00fcksek kahverengi kabuk oran\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Kuru Kau\u00e7uk \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi \u2014 Bu K\u0131lavuzdaki \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc K\u00fctle Oran\u0131 \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h2>\n

Yeni hasat edilmi\u015f lateksin kuru kau\u00e7uk i\u00e7eri\u011fi (DRC%), ham verim hacminden sonra kau\u00e7uk \u00fcretiminin ikinci ticari performans \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcd\u00fcr. DRC, belirli bir lateks hacminden geri kazan\u0131labilen kuru kau\u00e7uk k\u00fctlesini belirler; bu, palm ya\u011f\u0131ndaki ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karma oran\u0131 (OER%) ve makadamyadaki \u00e7ekirdek geri kazan\u0131m\u0131%'nin ticari kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, E serisinde kalitenin, ticari olarak de\u011ferli bile\u015fenin k\u00fctlesinin toplam hasat edilen k\u00fctlenin bir oran\u0131 olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6rnektir; bu da makadamya (E-30), palm ya\u011f\u0131 (E-40) ve \u015fimdi de kau\u00e7u\u011fu kalite \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerinin yap\u0131sal e\u015fde\u011ferli\u011fiyle birbirine ba\u011flayan, seri boyunca tekrar eden bir model olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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DRC'yi belirleyen fakt\u00f6rler nelerdir ve sakkaroz tedariki neden \u00f6nemlidir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kuru kau\u00e7uk i\u00e7eri\u011fi Hevea<\/em> Lateks, sulu laticifer \u00f6zsuyundaki cis-poliizopren kau\u00e7uk par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n konsantrasyonu taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir. Bu par\u00e7ac\u0131klar, floem yoluyla iletilen s\u00fckrozdan laticiferde sentezlenir; s\u00fckroz invertaz taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7alan\u0131r ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan mevalonat yolu, do\u011fal kau\u00e7u\u011fun temel be\u015f karbonlu yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131 olan izopentenil pirofosfat\u0131 (IPP) \u00fcretir. Laticiferdeki kau\u00e7uk polimer zincirlerinin uzunlu\u011fu ve konsantrasyonu, DRC'yi belirler: daha fazla s\u00fckroz temini \u2192 daha fazla IPP \u2192 daha y\u00fcksek par\u00e7ac\u0131k konsantrasyonunda daha uzun polimer zincirleri \u2192 daha y\u00fcksek DRC. Besleyici k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesinin ta\u015f k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131, iki yolla s\u00fckroz y\u00fckleme verimlili\u011fini azalt\u0131r: (1) azalan mineral al\u0131m\u0131 (\u00f6zellikle fotosentez kofakt\u00f6r\u00fc olan Mg ve floem y\u00fckleme ko-ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan K), yapraklarda s\u00fckroz sentezlenme ve floeme y\u00fcklenme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr; (2) azalan k\u00f6k su al\u0131m\u0131, floem su potansiyelini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek, yapraklardan laticifere floem \u00f6zsuyunun toplu ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r. Her iki etki de lateks h\u00fccrelerindeki kau\u00e7uk partik\u00fcl sentez yoluna sukroz tedarikini azaltarak toplanan lateksin DRC de\u011ferini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

DRC ticari s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 ve gelir \u00e7arpan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kau\u00e7uk, lateks hacmine de\u011fil, kuru kau\u00e7uk a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u015flem g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Lateksi 45 THB\/kg kuru kau\u00e7uk e\u015fde\u011feri fiyattan sat\u0131n alan bir al\u0131c\u0131 veya fabrika, lateks hacminin DRC%'sini sat\u0131n almaktad\u0131r; bir litre 32% DRC lateks 0,32 kg kuru kau\u00e7uk sa\u011flarken, bir litre 28% DRC lateks sadece 0,28 kg sa\u011flar. 45 THB\/kg fiyattan: DRC 32% lateks = 14,40 THB\/litre; DRC 28% lateks = 12,60 THB\/litre \u2014 ayn\u0131 hacimdeki lateks i\u00e7in 14%'lik bir fiyat fark\u0131. 400 a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131k bir plantasyonda, g\u00fcnde a\u011fa\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131na 30 ml (g\u00fcnde bir g\u00fcn d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc olarak) lateks elde edilmesi durumunda: 400 a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00d7 30 ml \u00d7 0,4 L = 4,8 litre\/g\u00fcn. DRC 32%: 4,8 L \u00d7 32% \u00d7 45 THB = 69,12 THB\/g\u00fcn. DRC 28%: 4,8 L \u00d7 28% \u00d7 45 THB = 60,48 THB\/g\u00fcn. G\u00fcnl\u00fck gelir fark\u0131: 8,64 THB\/g\u00fcn \u00d7 300 hasat g\u00fcn\u00fc\/y\u0131l = sadece DRC fark\u0131ndan kaynaklanan hektar ba\u015f\u0131na 2.592 THB\/y\u0131l. Turgor arg\u00fcman\u0131ndan kaynaklanan ak\u0131\u015f hacmi azalmas\u0131yla (18\u201328% daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verim) birle\u015ftirildi\u011finde: 1 hektarl\u0131k bir plantasyon i\u00e7in ta\u015f temizlenmi\u015f ve ta\u015f k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 alanlar aras\u0131ndaki toplam y\u0131ll\u0131k gelir fark\u0131: yakla\u015f\u0131k 38.000\u201365.000 THB\/y\u0131l (mevcut d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131yla 1.050\u20131.800 ABD Dolar\u0131\/y\u0131l).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
E serisindeki \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00fctle oran\u0131 kalite \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc \u2014 yap\u0131sal bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/caption>\n
Madde<\/th>\nMahsul<\/th>\nMetrik<\/th>\nTa\u015f etkisi<\/th>\nGelir kap\u0131s\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
E-30<\/td>\nMakadamya<\/td>\n\u00c7ekirdek Kurtarma %<\/td>\n\u2193 3\u20135%<\/td>\n3\u20135% kg ba\u015f\u0131na daha az \u00e7ekirdek<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E-40<\/td>\nYa\u011fl\u0131 Palmiye<\/td>\nOER%<\/td>\n\u2193 0.8\u20131.4%<\/td>\n1% ba\u015f\u0131na hektar ba\u015f\u0131na 105.000 MYR gelir art\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E-41<\/td>\nLastik<\/td>\nDRC%<\/td>\n\u2193 3\u20136%<\/td>\n14% litre lateks ba\u015f\u0131na daha az kuru kau\u00e7uk; bile\u015fiklerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck verim kayb\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 Pazar \u2014 Tayland, Vietnam ve Endonezya<\/h2>\n

\"Tayland'\u0131n<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\udded Tayland \u2014 G\u00fcney (Surat Thani, Krabi, Trang, Nakhon Si Thammarat), Do\u011fu<\/span>
\nD\u00fcnyan\u0131n #1'i \u2014 y\u0131lda 4,5 milyon ton do\u011fal kau\u00e7uk<\/span><\/div>\n
Tayland'\u0131n G\u00fcney B\u00f6lgesi (ulusal kau\u00e7uk \u00fcretiminin yakla\u015f\u0131k 701 milyon ton 500 bin tonunu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r) d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en yo\u011fun do\u011fal kau\u00e7uk \u00fcretim b\u00f6lgesidir. G\u00fcney illeri, 15-40 cm derinlikte a\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f granit grus ve \u00e7ekirdek ta\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7eren, daha al\u00e7ak b\u00f6lgelerde laterit veya al\u00fcvyal kil ile kapl\u0131, Tayland Yar\u0131madas\u0131 granitinin (Jura-Kretase Ana S\u0131rada\u011f Batoliti, Malezya Yar\u0131madas\u0131 granitiyle ayn\u0131) jeolojik taban\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ta\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011fu de\u011fi\u015fmektedir: yama\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerinde (Khao Luang s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131 \u00e7evresindeki y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f arazi, Surat Thani \u0130li) 18-35 cm'de y\u00fcksek granit \u00e7ekirdek ta\u015f\u0131 yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, daha d\u00fcz vadi al\u00fcvyal b\u00f6lgelerinde ta\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011fu daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. G\u00fcney Tayland granit \u00e7ekirdek ta\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in 25-38 cm'de THOR 3.0 (Mohs 6-7). Do\u011fu Tayland (Rayong, Chanthaburi, Chonburi): 10\u201325 cm'de kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 ve kire\u00e7li al\u00fcvyal toprak (Mohs 3\u20134) \u2014 20\u201330 cm'de THOR 2.4. Turgor arg\u00fcman\u0131, \u00f6zellikle G\u00fcney Tayland'\u0131n y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 granit alanlar\u0131nda ticari a\u00e7\u0131dan en \u00f6nemli hale gelir; burada ta\u015f k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan kronik hafif su stresi, turgoru azaltan y\u0131ll\u0131k Ocak-\u015eubat kurak mevsimiyle daha da artar. Ta\u015flardan temizlenmi\u015f alanlar, kurak mevsim boyunca daha y\u00fcksek toprak su tutma kapasitesini koruyarak, ta\u015fl\u0131 alanlarda bulunmayan bir turgor tamponu sa\u011flar. RRIT (Tayland Kau\u00e7uk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc) ve ORRAF (Tayland Kau\u00e7uk Otoritesi Ofisi) yeniden dikim s\u00fcbvansiyon programlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir \u2014 mevcut ekipman uygunlu\u011funu ORRAF'\u0131n Surat Thani'deki b\u00f6lgesel ofisiyle teyit edin.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\ud83c\uddfb\ud83c\uddf3 Vietnam \u2014 Binh Phuoc, Tay Ninh, Binh Duong (G\u00fcneydo\u011fu B\u00f6lgesi)<\/span>
\nD\u00fcnyan\u0131n #3 konteyneri \u2014 1,25 milyon ton; devlet + \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r<\/span><\/div>\n
Vietnam'\u0131n kau\u00e7uk ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131, tarihsel olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck devlet i\u015fletmeleri (Binh Long, Dau Tieng, Phu Rieng kau\u00e7uk \u015firketleri) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen ve Doi Moi reformlar\u0131ndan bu yana kademeli olarak \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilen G\u00fcneydo\u011fu B\u00f6lgesi'nde (Binh Phuoc, Tay Ninh, Binh Duong illeri) yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vietnam Do\u011fal Kau\u00e7uk Grubu (VRG), 400.000 hektardan fazla devlet kau\u00e7uk alan\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmektedir. Jeoloji: Mekong Platformu volkanik yaylalar\u0131 \u2014 10-25 cm'de bazalt par\u00e7alar\u0131 i\u00e7eren bazalt k\u00f6kenli k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 laterit (Ferralsol) (Mohs 5-7), Vietnam'\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Binh Thuan ilindeki ejder meyvesi (E-37) ile ayn\u0131 volkanik profile sahiptir. Kahverengi kabuk sorunu, Vietnam'da \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Vietnam devlet plantasyonlar\u0131 tarihsel olarak yo\u011fun a\u011fa\u00e7 kesim programlar\u0131yla (ethephon uyar\u0131m\u0131yla d\/2 ila d\/3) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bu da a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 kahverengi kabuk e\u015fi\u011fine do\u011fru itmektedir. Ta\u015f kaynakl\u0131 ek fizyolojik stres, zaten yo\u011fun olarak a\u011fa\u00e7 kesimi yap\u0131lan a\u011fa\u00e7larda, daha az yo\u011fun y\u00f6netilen plantasyonlarda beklenenden daha y\u00fcksek TPD (Toplam Kau\u00e7uk Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131) g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden olur. Binh Phuoc bazalt\u0131 i\u00e7in 22\u201332 cm'de THOR 3.0. Vietnam Kau\u00e7uk Birli\u011fi (VRA) ve VRG'nin Kau\u00e7uk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi (Lai Khe, Binh Duong) aktif klon ve agronomik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir; mevcut uygun destek i\u00e7in VRG'nin Tar\u0131m B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7in.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\ud83c\uddee\ud83c\udde9 Endonezya \u2014 Sumatra (Jambi, G\u00fcney Sumatra), Kalimantan (Bat\u0131, Orta)<\/span>
\nD\u00fcnyan\u0131n #2'si \u2014 3,2 milyon ton; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00fcreticilerin hakimiyeti<\/span><\/div>\n
Endonezya'n\u0131n kau\u00e7uk \u00fcretimi, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerden (genellikle aile ba\u015f\u0131na <3 hektar) yakla\u015f\u0131k 851 milyon ton olup, geri kalan\u0131 devlet i\u015fletmeleri (PTPN) ve \u00f6zel b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7iftliklerden gelmektedir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik ba\u011flam\u0131, ta\u015f y\u00f6netimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ticari olarak kritiktir: k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin kau\u00e7uk a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 tipik olarak daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck klon kalitesine sahiptir, daha az bak\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r ve (g\u00fcnl\u00fck geliri en \u00fcst d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in) daha yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde i\u015flenir; bu da ta\u015f kaynakl\u0131 fizyolojik stresin daha da art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek bir kahverengi kabuk riski yarat\u0131r. Sumatra (Jambi, G\u00fcney Sumatra, Riau): ovalarda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak turba ve al\u00fcvyal topraklar (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ta\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011fu); Bukit Barisan s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n eteklerinde volkanik ve granitik (15-30 cm'de Mohs 5-7). Bukit Barisan eteklerindeki volkanik\/granit alanlar i\u00e7in THOR 3.0. Bat\u0131 Kalimantan (Ketapang, Sanggau, Sintang): ya\u011fl\u0131 palmiye Kalimantan'\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131k jeolojik arazi - y\u00fcksek yerlerde 10-28 cm'de granitik ve metamorfik ta\u015f i\u00e7eren eski Sunda Platosu. Bat\u0131 Kalimantan granit-metamorfik topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7in THOR 2,4, 18\u201328 cm. Endonezya Tar\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Kementan) ve PTPN Grubu Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (Pusat Penelitian Karet, Sungei Putih, Kuzey Sumatra) kau\u00e7uk tar\u0131m\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma programlar\u0131na sahiptir; mevcut k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ift\u00e7i destek mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 Kementan'\u0131n Plantasyon Bitkileri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (Ditjenbun) ile teyit etmektedir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Makine Sistemi \u2014 Laticifer K\u00f6k B\u00f6lgesi ve Kahverengi Kabuk Olu\u015fumunun \u00d6nlenmesi Protokol\u00fc<\/h2>\n
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1<\/div>\n
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THOR 2.4 veya 3.0<\/a> \u2014 Laktifer k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesi, 22\u201338 cm; kaz\u0131k k\u00f6k ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

KAU\u00c7U\u011eA \u00d6ZEL: Hevea brasiliensis<\/em> Ana k\u00f6k 3-5 m derinli\u011fe kadar iner - \u00e7o\u011fu E serisi a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fcnden daha derindir - bu nedenle ana k\u00f6k THOR'un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011fildir. Bununla birlikte, yanal y\u00fczey k\u00f6kleri (20-40 cm derinlikten gelen birincil k\u00f6kler) d\u0131\u015far\u0131 do\u011fru uzan\u0131r ve olgun a\u011fa\u00e7larda 38 cm'nin alt\u0131nda THOR taraf\u0131ndan zarar g\u00f6rebilir. Standart \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma derinli\u011fi: Yerle\u015fik plantasyonlar i\u00e7in 22-35 cm (birincil yanal k\u00f6k ba\u011flant\u0131 b\u00f6lgesine ula\u015fmadan 0-30 cm besleyici k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesini temizleme). Yeni plantasyon kurulumu i\u00e7in (mevcut k\u00f6k yok): THOR, maksimum ta\u015f kald\u0131rma i\u00e7in 40-45 cm'ye kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir. Tayland g\u00fcney graniti (Mohs 6-7) ve Vietnam\/Endonezya volkanik bazalt\u0131 (Mohs 5-7) i\u00e7in THOR 3.0; Tayland do\u011fu kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 ve Endonezya al\u00fcvyal ta\u015f\u0131 (Mohs 3-5) i\u00e7in THOR 2.4. Optimal zamanlama: Topra\u011f\u0131n THOR \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in en sa\u011flam oldu\u011fu yeni dikimden (veya yeniden dikimden) \u00f6nceki kuru mevsim.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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2<\/div>\n
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CT-2100 ta\u015f toplay\u0131c\u0131<\/a> \u2014 Tam koleksiyon; kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 alanlar\u0131nda ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn protokol\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcm ta\u015f t\u00fcrleri i\u00e7in tam ve kal\u0131c\u0131 toplama. Tayland Do\u011fu kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131: ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn CT-2100 zorunludur (E-22 f\u0131st\u0131k \u0130ran protokol\u00fcnden kaynaklanan al\u00e7\u0131 yeniden \u00e7imentolama endi\u015fesi). Tayland G\u00fcney\/Vietnam\/Endonezya volkanik: toplamadan \u00f6nce ya\u011fmurun yeniden da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn \u00f6nerilir. S\u0131ra aras\u0131 ta\u015flar i\u00e7in not: lateks toplama kaplar\u0131, bo\u015faltma panelinin alt\u0131ndaki zemine yerle\u015ftirilir. S\u0131ra aras\u0131 b\u00f6lgedeki y\u00fczey ta\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131 ya\u011fmur olaylar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda lateks kaplar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015febilir, lateksi kirletebilir ve fabrika kabul kalitesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir. CT-2100 toplama art\u0131 BlackBird kaya t\u0131rm\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a> Y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fczey bak\u0131m\u0131, fincan kirlenmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in s\u0131ra aralar\u0131ndaki y\u00fczeyin ta\u015flardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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3<\/div>\n
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PSW-3200 rotavat\u00f6r<\/a> \u2014 Turgor stabilitesi i\u00e7in su tutma \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip organik madde<\/strong><\/p>\n

PSW-3200 organik madde ilavesi (40\u201360 t\/ha: kompostlanm\u0131\u015f kau\u00e7uk yapra\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc + pirin\u00e7 kabu\u011fu veya varsa palmiye ya\u011f\u0131 lifi), besleyici k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesindeki su tutma kapasitesini art\u0131r\u0131r. Su tutma avantaj\u0131, \u00f6zellikle turgorun korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011ferlidir: organik madde bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin toprak, y\u0131ll\u0131k kurak mevsim boyunca toprak su potansiyelini tarla kapasitesine daha yak\u0131n tutarak, kahverengi kabuk hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yatk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tetikleyen laktifer turgor d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc azalt\u0131r. Kau\u00e7uk i\u00e7in 22\u201328 cm derinlikte (yerle\u015fik plantasyonlarda yanal k\u00f6k \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgesinin alt\u0131nda tutularak) 1000 RPM'de PSW-3200 uygulan\u0131r. Zamanlama: Organik maddenin ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve topra\u011f\u0131n oturmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dikim\/fidan dikiminden 4\u20136 hafta \u00f6nce.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u21bb<\/div>\n
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Y\u0131ll\u0131k: BlackBird y\u00fczey ge\u00e7i\u015fi \u2014 a\u011fa\u00e7 kesim sezonu \u00f6ncesi ve k\u0131\u015flama sonras\u0131 toparlanma<\/strong><\/p>\n

Y\u0131ll\u0131k olarak faydal\u0131 iki zamanlama aral\u0131\u011f\u0131: (1) K\u0131\u015flamadan sonra a\u011fa\u00e7 kesim sezonu yeniden ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce (Tayland: Nisan; Endonezya: \u015eubat): A\u011fa\u00e7 kesim kaplar\u0131 yerle\u015ftirilmeden \u00f6nce BlackBird y\u00fczey ge\u00e7i\u015fi, lateks ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaprak d\u00f6k\u00fclmesinden sonraki ilk haftalarda kaplarda ta\u015f kontaminasyonunu \u00f6nler. (2) Her y\u0131l g\u00fcbreleme uygulamas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce: S\u0131ra aralar\u0131ndan y\u00fczeylenmi\u015f ta\u015flar\u0131n temizlenmesi, g\u00fcbre serpme makinesinin k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesine n\u00fcfuz etmeyi engellemeden e\u015fit \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Y\u0131ll\u0131k BlackBird maliyeti: yakla\u015f\u0131k 8-121 TP5T ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200btemizleme yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131. S\u0131ra aras\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisi y\u00f6netimiyle (genellikle kau\u00e7ukta yabanc\u0131 otlar\u0131 bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in uygulan\u0131r) birle\u015ftirildi\u011finde: BlackBird ge\u00e7i\u015fi ve \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisi bak\u0131m\u0131, operasyonel verimlilik i\u00e7in birlikte planlanabilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n
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\nKau\u00e7uk i\u00e7in kaya k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u2014 turgor bas\u0131nc\u0131 arg\u00fcman\u0131 t\u00fcm Hevea klonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in e\u015fit derecede ge\u00e7erli midir, yoksa baz\u0131 klonlar di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re ta\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 daha m\u0131 hassast\u0131r?<\/summary>\n

Klon se\u00e7imi, turgor-ta\u015f hassasiyeti ili\u015fkisini ticari a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli bir \u015fekilde etkiler. Y\u00fcksek verimli klonlar (RRIM 600, PB 217, RRIT 408, BPIM 24), y\u00fcksek sakkaroz drenaj oranlar\u0131 i\u00e7in se\u00e7ilir; a\u011fac\u0131n su ve sakkaroz tedarik sistemlerine daha y\u00fcksek metabolik talep pahas\u0131na, kesim ba\u015f\u0131na daha fazla lateks \u00fcretirler. Bu y\u00fcksek verimli klonlar\u0131n, \u00fcretken turgor seviyeleri ile kahverengi kabuk e\u015fi\u011fi aras\u0131nda daha dar bir marj\u0131 vard\u0131r: zaten stres e\u015fiklerine daha yak\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in herhangi bir fizyolojik strese (su k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131, mineral eksikli\u011fi) kar\u015f\u0131 daha hassast\u0131rlar. RRIM 600 (Tayland ve Malezya'daki bask\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00e7ift\u00e7i klonu), ayn\u0131 klonun ta\u015f temizlenmi\u015f alanlar\u0131ndaki 3-6%'ye k\u0131yasla, Tayland'\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki ta\u015fl\u0131 alanlarda 2. g\u00fcnde kesimde 8-15% kahverengi kabuk g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. RRIT 408 (daha yeni bir y\u00fcksek verimli Tayland klonu) e\u015fde\u011fer ta\u015fl\u0131 alanlarda benzer hassasiyet g\u00f6stermektedir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verimli, strese dayan\u0131kl\u0131 klonlar (GT1, RRII 105), ta\u015f kaynakl\u0131 su stresine daha az duyarl\u0131d\u0131r; \u00f6zellikle GT1, marjinal alanlarda kahverengi kabuk hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 daha iyi diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir. Ta\u015fl\u0131 alanlarda y\u00fcksek verimli ve strese dayan\u0131kl\u0131 klonlar aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yapacak operat\u00f6rler i\u00e7in RRIT, (a) ta\u015f\u0131 temizleyip y\u00fcksek verimli klon dikmeyi veya (b) ta\u015f\u0131 temizlemeden strese dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir klonun daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verimini kabul etmeyi \u00f6nerir. Ta\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011fu 10-25 cm derinlikte 15%'yi a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ta\u015f temizleme ticari olarak daha \u00fcst\u00fcn bir se\u00e7enektir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc temizlenmi\u015f topraktaki y\u00fcksek verimli klondan elde edilen verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131, temizlenmemi\u015f topraktaki strese dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir klonun 25 y\u0131ll\u0131k verimli d\u00f6ng\u00fc boyunca k\u00fcm\u00fclatif verimini a\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nTa\u015f stresi nedeniyle kahverengi kabuk olu\u015fumunun e\u015fi\u011finin d\u00fc\u015fmesi saha denemelerinde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir mi ve ta\u015f temizli\u011fi kahverengi kabuk olu\u015fumunu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir \u015fekilde azalt\u0131yor mu?<\/summary>\n

RRIT Chachoengsao \u0130stasyonu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 parselleri, Tayland i\u00e7in en ilgili deneme verilerini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. RRIT Parsel Serisi CCS-2019 (RRIM 600 klonu, 12 y\u0131ll\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7lar, tedavi ba\u015f\u0131na 300 a\u011fa\u00e7) kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131: (A) dikim s\u0131ras\u0131nda ta\u015f temizli\u011fi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f (18\u201332 cm'de granit \u00e7ekirdek ta\u015f\u0131, THOR temizli\u011fi 2018'de yap\u0131ld\u0131); (B) temizlenmemi\u015f e\u015fde\u011feri (ta\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011fu 18\u201330 cm'de 22\u201328%). A\u011fa\u00e7 kesme sistemi: S\/2 d\/2 (yar\u0131m spiral, iki g\u00fcnde bir), standart Tayland ticari sistemi, her 3. uygulamada ethephon panel uyar\u0131m\u0131 ile. Bu yo\u011funlukta 4 y\u0131l \u00fcst \u00fcste a\u011fa\u00e7 kesme i\u015fleminden sonra: Tedavi A (ta\u015f temizli\u011fi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f): kahverengi kabuk olu\u015fumu a\u011fa\u00e7larda 5,2% (156\/300). B Tedavisi (temizlenmemi\u015f): Kahverengi kabuk hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n ,81'i (444\/300 - baz\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7larda her iki panelde de ayn\u0131 anda kahverengi kabuk hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015fti). Ayn\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7 kesme y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda ta\u015fla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7lardaki kahverengi kabuk hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 oran\u0131, ta\u015f temizlenmi\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7lardaki oran\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,8 kat\u0131d\u0131r. Ek olarak, B Tedavisinde kahverengi kabuk hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015ftiren a\u011fa\u00e7lar, a\u011fa\u00e7 kesme i\u015flemine ba\u015fland\u0131ktan ortalama 2,8 y\u0131l sonra bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015ftirirken, A Tedavisinde bu s\u00fcre 4,1 y\u0131ld\u0131r; bu da ta\u015f temizlenmi\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n kahverengi kabuk hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015fmeden \u00f6nce ayn\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7 kesme yo\u011funlu\u011funu daha uzun s\u00fcre s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilece\u011fini do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. Bu sonu\u00e7lar, ta\u015f temizleme yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, her a\u011fac\u0131n verimli a\u011fa\u00e7 kesme \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzatan ve ticari \u00fcretimde bir plantasyonu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in gereken panel y\u00f6netim karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (dinlenme ve toparlanma d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri) azaltan bir kahverengi kabuk \u00f6nleme \u00f6nlemi olarak \u00f6nemini desteklemektedir.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nK\u0131\u015flama sonras\u0131 toparlanma tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na gelince, yaprak d\u00f6k\u00fclmesinden sonra verimde 1-2 haftal\u0131k gecikme \u00f6zellikle ta\u015fl\u0131 ve ta\u015fs\u0131z alanlar i\u00e7in mi belgelenmi\u015ftir, yoksa bu k\u00f6k depolama kapasitesi teorisinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir sonu\u00e7 mudur?<\/summary>\n

K\u0131\u015flama sonras\u0131 toparlanma gecikmesi, \u00f6ncelikle ta\u015fl\u0131 ve ta\u015fs\u0131z alanlar aras\u0131ndaki belgelenmi\u015f k\u00f6k biyok\u00fctle fark\u0131ndan ve genel Hevea fizyolojisi literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde belgelenmi\u015f k\u00f6k ni\u015fasta depolamas\u0131 ile k\u0131\u015flama sonras\u0131 verim toparlanmas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bilinen ili\u015fkiden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir sonu\u00e7tur. \u0130lgili ger\u00e7ekler: (1) K\u0131\u015flama sonras\u0131 laktifer sukroz \u015farj\u0131n\u0131n, fotosentez d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yaprak d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc d\u00f6neminde g\u00f6vde, kabuk ve k\u00f6k sisteminde depolanan ni\u015fasta rezervlerinin yeniden harekete ge\u00e7irilmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir (bu, RRII Malezya taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131\u015flama s\u0131ras\u0131nda kabuk ni\u015fasta analizlerinde belgelenmi\u015ftir). (2) Ta\u015fla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 k\u00f6k sistemleri, 25-40% daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ince k\u00f6k biyok\u00fctlesine sahiptir (RRIT taraf\u0131ndan belgelenmi\u015ftir) \u2192 k\u00f6k fraksiyonunda orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck toplam ni\u015fasta depolama kapasitesi. (3) G\u00f6vde ve kabuk ni\u015fasta depolamas\u0131 (ta\u015fla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve ta\u015fs\u0131z a\u011fa\u00e7larda ortakt\u0131r), beklenen verim toparlanma gecikmesini hafifletir; yani etki, k\u00f6k biyok\u00fctle azalmas\u0131 ile toparlanma gecikmesi aras\u0131nda 1:1 bir ili\u015fki de\u011fildir. Tahmini 1-2 haftal\u0131k ek toparlanma s\u00fcresi, bu nedenle, biyok\u00fctle ve depolama verilerine dayanarak yap\u0131lan makul bir \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131md\u0131r; \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir k\u0131\u015flama-toparlanma ta\u015f kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma denemesinde do\u011frudan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen bir gecikme de\u011fildir. Hedefli bir deneme (yapraklar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan sonraki 1. haftadan 8. haftaya kadar k\u0131\u015flama sonras\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck lateks veriminin hasat edilmesi, ta\u015fl\u0131 ve temizlenmi\u015f parsellerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131) bu etkiyi kesin olarak \u00f6l\u00e7ebilir ve RRIT ve RRII'nin gelecekteki ara\u015ft\u0131rma programlar\u0131na eklenmesi \u00f6nerilen bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nKongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti'ndeki ta\u015f k\u0131s\u0131tlama arg\u00fcman\u0131, lateksin genellikle fabrikada taze olarak i\u015flenmek yerine tarlada p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\"jelang\" y\u00f6ntemi) Endonezya'daki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli kau\u00e7uk \u00fcreticilerine nas\u0131l uygulan\u0131r?<\/summary>\n

Endonezya'daki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli kau\u00e7uk \u00fcretiminde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak \"levha\" veya \"jelang\" (yerel olarak p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tabaka) sistemi kullan\u0131l\u0131r: k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00fcretici, toplanan latekse dikd\u00f6rtgen bir kal\u0131pta (veya do\u011fa\u00e7lama bir p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma teknesinde) formik asit ekler, 24-48 saat p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmaya b\u0131rak\u0131r ve p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f kau\u00e7uk levhay\u0131 (taze lateks yerine) yerel al\u0131m istasyonuna veya kau\u00e7uk kooperatifine teslim eder. Bu sistemde, DRC arg\u00fcman\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir ticari bi\u00e7im al\u0131r: al\u0131m istasyonunda fiyat, de\u011ferlendirilen DRC'ye (genellikle al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n float testi veya kau\u00e7uk i\u00e7eri\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7eriyle tahmin edilir) g\u00f6re ayarlanm\u0131\u015f, kilogram ba\u015f\u0131na taze p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f levha ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6denir. Daha y\u00fcksek DRC'ye sahip bir levha, kilogram ba\u015f\u0131na daha fazla kuru kau\u00e7uk sa\u011flar ve bu nedenle kilogram ba\u015f\u0131na daha y\u00fcksek bir fiyata sahiptir. Ta\u015f k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131, p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmadan \u00f6nce lateksin DRC'sini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr \u2192 levhan\u0131n kuru kau\u00e7uk i\u00e7eri\u011fi daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr \u2192 al\u0131m istasyonunda kilogram ba\u015f\u0131na daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyat. Ek olarak, ta\u015f k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131, a\u011fa\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131na ve her kesimde toplanan lateks hacmini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr \u2192 haftada daha az levha \u2192 DRC'den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck toplam gelir. Bu nedenle, Endonezyal\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00fcreticiler i\u00e7in ta\u015f y\u00f6netimi arg\u00fcman\u0131, hem (a) kesim ba\u015f\u0131na daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck hacim (turgor arg\u00fcman\u0131) hem de (b) levha ba\u015f\u0131na daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck DRC (s\u00fckroz arz\u0131 arg\u00fcman\u0131) yoluyla ge\u00e7erlidir - fabrika taraf\u0131ndan tedarik edilen taze lateks i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu gibi ayn\u0131 \u00e7ift mekanizma, ancak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00fcretici ticaret zincirinde kullan\u0131lan farkl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc birimi (taze levha a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131) ile ifade edilir. Korea Watanabe, talep \u00fczerine Endonezyal\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00fcretici kooperatiflerinin diline ve kau\u00e7uk kooperatiflerinin (Koperasi Unit Desa) sat\u0131n alma standartlar\u0131na uygun belgeler sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nKau\u00e7uk plantasyonlar\u0131nda ta\u015f temizli\u011finin 25 y\u0131ll\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131m getirisi (ROI) nedir? Bu yat\u0131r\u0131m getirisi, turgor verimi, kahverengi kabuk olu\u015fumunun \u00f6nlenmesi, DRC iyile\u015fmesi ve k\u0131\u015flama sonras\u0131 toparlanma gibi fakt\u00f6rleri t\u00fcm \u00fcretim d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc boyunca birle\u015ftirirsek, elde edilen sonu\u00e7 ne olur?<\/summary>\n

G\u00fcney Tayland'da, orta dereceli granit \u00e7ekirdekli toprak \u00fczerinde (18-30 cm'de 22% ta\u015f \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc), hektar ba\u015f\u0131na 400 a\u011fa\u00e7 (toplam 1.600), S\/2 g\u00fcn\/2 musluklama sistemi ve y\u0131lda 300 musluklama g\u00fcn\u00fc ile 4 hektarl\u0131k bir RRIM 600 plantasyonu i\u00e7in: Temizleme yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 (THOR 3.0 + CT-2100 + PSW-3200): 4 hektar i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 320.000-480.000 THB (US$9.000-13.500). Y\u0131ll\u0131k faydalar: (1) Turgor veriminde iyile\u015fme: 22% ortalama lateks hacmi art\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00d7 1.600 a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00d7 35 ml\/a\u011fa\u00e7\/musluklama (temel de\u011fer) \u00d7 0,22 \u00d7 300 g\u00fcn \u00d7 DRC 30% \u00d7 45 THB\/kg = 79.200 THB\/y\u0131l. (2) Kahverengi kabuk hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda azalma: 1.600 a\u011fa\u00e7ta 14,8%'den 5,2%'ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f = 152 daha az kahverengi kabuk hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakalanm\u0131\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00d7 1,5 y\u0131l ortalama dinlenme s\u00fcresi \u00d7 300 g\u00fcn\/y\u0131l \u00d7 35 ml\/a\u011fa\u00e7\/g\u00fcn \u00d7 30% DRC \u00d7 45 THB\/kg \u00f7 25 y\u0131l\/g\u00f6r\u00fclme d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc = 21.600 THB\/y\u0131l kahverengi kabuk hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gelir kayb\u0131ndan tasarruf. (3) DRC iyile\u015ftirmesi: 3% DRC iyile\u015ftirmesi \u00d7 1.600 a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00d7 35 ml\/a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00d7 300 g\u00fcn \u00d7 0,45 THB\/ml\u00b7DRC% = 22.680 THB\/y\u0131l. (4) K\u0131\u015flama sonras\u0131 toparlanma: 1,5 hafta daha erken musluklama \u00d7 haftada 5 musluklama g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00d7 1.600 a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00d7 35 ml \u00d7 30% DRC \u00d7 45 THB\/kg = 5.670 THB\/y\u0131l. Toplam y\u0131ll\u0131k fayda: yakla\u015f\u0131k 129.150 THB\/y\u0131l ($ 3.600 ABD Dolar\u0131). 320.000\u2013480.000 THB yat\u0131r\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k: geri \u00f6deme s\u00fcresi 2,5\u20133,7 y\u0131l. 5% iskonto ile 25 y\u0131ll\u0131k NPV: 1,8\u20131,9 milyon THB ($ 51.000\u201354.000 ABD Dolar\u0131). Yat\u0131r\u0131m Getirisi (ROI): 3,75:1 ila 5,9:1. Baz\u0131 E serisi \u00fcr\u00fcnlere g\u00f6re muhafazakar, ancak bile\u015fik g\u00fcnl\u00fck etkiyle 25 y\u0131ll\u0131k verimli bir d\u00f6ng\u00fc boyunca do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

Kau\u00e7uk i\u00e7in Kaya K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u2014 Turgor K\u00f6k B\u00f6lgesi, Kahverengi Kabuk \u00d6nleme ve DRC Protokol\u00fc<\/p>\n

Klon (RRIM 600\/RRIT 408\/GT1) + ta\u015f tipi + musluk sistemi + kahverengi kabuk ge\u00e7mi\u015fi + kurak mevsim \u015fiddeti \u2192 Korea Watanabe do\u011fru \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc sunar kau\u00e7uk i\u00e7in kaya k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131<\/a> Laticifer k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesi spesifikasyonu, turgor koruma organik madde protokol\u00fc ve 25 y\u0131ll\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7 kesim verimi NPV hesaplamas\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kore Watanabe Rock Crusher Tractor Co., Ltd. \u2014 Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Kau\u00e7uk Plantasyonu \u00d6zelliklerini \u00d6\u011frenin<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Edit\u00f6r: Cxm<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

RUBBER PLANTATION APPLICATION Rock Crusher for Rubber \u2014 Thailand Vietnam and Indonesia Rubber is the only crop in this guide that is not harvested \u2014 it is tapped. Stone does not reduce what grows on it. Stone reduces the pressure that makes it flow. Turgor-driven Latex flow mechanism DRC 30% Mass ratio quality gate 12\u201318 […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1070","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-application-and-technical-guid"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1070","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1070"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1070\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1075,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1070\/revisions\/1075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1070"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1070"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1070"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}