{"id":1056,"date":"2026-06-17T03:36:10","date_gmt":"2026-06-17T03:36:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/?p=1056"},"modified":"2026-06-17T03:36:10","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T03:36:10","slug":"rock-crusher-pineapple-costa-rica-philippines-thailand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/rock-crusher-pineapple-costa-rica-philippines-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"Ananas K\u0131rma Makinesi \u2014 Kosta Rika, Filipinler, Tayland"},"content":{"rendered":"
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ANANAS \u00c7\u0130FTL\u0130\u011e\u0130 BA\u015eVURUSU<\/span><\/div>\n

Ananas K\u0131rma Makinesi \u2014 Kosta Rika, Filipinler, Tayland<\/h1>\n

Ta\u015f, plastik \u00f6rt\u00fcye temas etti\u011fi anda onu deliyor. Meyvede neden oldu\u011fu i\u00e7ten kahverengile\u015fme ise hasattan \u00fc\u00e7 ay sonra fark ediliyor.<\/p>\n

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14% Brix<\/div>\n
MD2 Minimum A S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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18 ay<\/div>\n
Serideki en h\u0131zl\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m getirisi<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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2 yol<\/div>\n
Stone her ikisini de bozuyor<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ananas \u00c7iftli\u011fi Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Bu E-serisi k\u0131lavuzunda yer alan otuz be\u015f uygulama \u00f6rne\u011fi makalesinde, ta\u015f y\u00f6netimi arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131, anl\u0131k (\u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 do\u011fray\u0131c\u0131 b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, E-31) mekanizmalardan nesiller boyu s\u00fcren (alt\u0131 y\u0131l sonra ke\u015ffedilen ginseng k\u00f6k\u00fc \u00e7atallanmas\u0131, E-29) mekanizmalara ve tamamen fiziksel (muz yalanc\u0131 g\u00f6vdesinin tutunmas\u0131, E-32) mekanizmalardan derinlemesine biyokimyasal (mango kalsiyum translokasyonu ve j\u00f6le \u00e7ekirde\u011fi, E-27) mekanizmalara kadar uzanan bir yelpazeyi kapsam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ananas (Ananas comosus<\/em>Bu ilerlemeye ger\u00e7ekten yeni \u00fc\u00e7 boyut ekliyor: serideki en h\u0131zl\u0131 ta\u015f-altyap\u0131 temas\u0131 (serildi\u011fi anda delinen plastik mal\u00e7), ta\u015f kaynakl\u0131 dengesizli\u011fin i\u00e7 kalite kayb\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu iki fonksiyonel beslenme yoluna sahip tek \u00fcr\u00fcn ve k\u0131lavuzdaki en k\u0131sa temizleme-yat\u0131r\u0131m getirisi d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Plastik mal\u00e7 arg\u00fcman\u0131 basit ve acil. \u00c7ilek k\u0131lavuzunda (E-18), ta\u015f, makine kurulumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda damlama band\u0131 altyap\u0131s\u0131na zarar verdi; bu i\u015flemde ta\u015f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ile bant temas\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir gecikme s\u00f6z konusudur. Ananas plastik mal\u00e7\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir gecikme yoktur: Y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f yatak y\u00fczeyinin 2-3 cm \u00fczerinde \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 yapan bir ta\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131, tek bir bitki yerle\u015ftirilmeden ve kimse inceleme f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulmadan \u00f6nce, film \u00fczerine bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda filmi deler. Bromeliad beslenmesi arg\u00fcman\u0131 daha fazla a\u00e7\u0131klama gerektiriyor. Ananas, d\u00fcnyada ticari olarak yeti\u015ftirilen tek karasal bromeliad bitkisidir; botanik mimarisini k\u00f6kler yerine yapraklarla beslenmek \u00fczere evrimle\u015fmi\u015f bir bitki ailesinden alan ticari tar\u0131mdaki tek \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bromeliaceae familyas\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fc bu \u00e7ift beslenme mimarisi, ta\u015f\u0131n ananas k\u00f6klerini k\u0131s\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda bitkinin sadece daha az \u00fcr\u00fcn vermedi\u011fi, ayn\u0131 zamanda beslenme stratejisini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi ve bu beslenme de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin, mango j\u00f6le \u00e7ekirde\u011fi (E-27) ve nar taneciklerinin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 (E-25) gibi hasat s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen ve son t\u00fcketici taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilen i\u00e7 kalite sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu k\u0131lavuz \u015funlar\u0131 kapsar: ananas i\u00e7in kaya k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131<\/strong> Bu uygulama, her \u00fc\u00e7 mekanizma arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ve bunlar\u0131n birle\u015fti\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 ana \u00fcretim co\u011frafyas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n

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Plastik Mal\u00e7 ve Dikim Derinli\u011fi \u2014 Stone'un Altyap\u0131 \u00dczerindeki En Acil Etkisi<\/h2>\n

\"THOR<\/p>\n

Modern ticari ananas \u00fcretimi, mal\u00e7l\u0131 y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f yatak sistemi etraf\u0131nda organize edilmi\u015ftir: 90-120 cm geni\u015fli\u011finde yataklar bir yatak kal\u0131b\u0131 ile \u015fekillendirilir, yata\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerine tek kat siyah polietilen film serilir ve ananas ta\u00e7lar\u0131 veya s\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri, filmde 25-30 cm aral\u0131klarla a\u00e7\u0131lan deliklerden ge\u00e7irilir. Plastik mal\u00e7 sistemi, ananas\u0131n ticari performans\u0131 i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahip \u00fc\u00e7 i\u015flevi yerine getirir: yabani ot bask\u0131s\u0131 (ananas\u0131n s\u0131\u011f k\u00f6kleri onu yabani ot rekabetine kar\u015f\u0131 son derece hassas hale getirir), toprak neminin korunmas\u0131 (ananas 0-15 cm derinlikte s\u00fcrekli neme ihtiya\u00e7 duyar) ve toprak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi (ananas k\u00f6k b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi 29-32\u00b0C'de en h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r ve mal\u00e7, ekimden sonraki ilk ayda \u00e7\u0131plak topra\u011fa k\u0131yasla toprak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 3-8\u00b0C art\u0131r\u0131r). Yatak b\u00f6lgesindeki ta\u015f, bu \u00fc\u00e7 i\u015flevi de ayn\u0131 anda bozar.<\/p>\n

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Ananas yata\u011f\u0131ndaki tek bir ta\u015ftan kaynaklanan iki ayr\u0131 ta\u015f hasar\u0131 olay\u0131.<\/div>\n
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HASAR 1 \u2014 Filmde Delinme (0\u20135 cm'de ta\u015f)<\/div>\n
Film serim makinesi polietilen tabakay\u0131 yatak y\u00fczeyine bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yatak y\u00fczeyinden 2 cm'den fazla \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 yapan herhangi bir ta\u015f filmi deler. Bu, serim s\u0131ras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir; ekip bir sonraki yatak b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce. Her delik, yabani otlar\u0131n yerle\u015fme noktas\u0131, nem kayb\u0131 noktas\u0131 ve filmin s\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u00f6netimi i\u015flevinde bir bozulma haline gelir. Y\u00fcksek ta\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011funa sahip yataklarda, delik yo\u011funlu\u011fu 10 m\u00b2 ba\u015f\u0131na 15-40 deli\u011fe ula\u015fabilir; bu da mal\u00e7\u0131n serimden birka\u00e7 hafta sonra i\u015flevsel olarak etkisiz hale gelmesine neden olur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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HASAR 2 \u2014 Dikim Derinli\u011finde Bozulma (8\u201315 cm'de ta\u015f)<\/div>\n
Film serildikten sonra, her aral\u0131k noktas\u0131nda filmden bir dikim deli\u011fi a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in bir \u00e7ubuk veya sivri u\u00e7 kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn veya ta\u00e7, do\u011fru dikim derinli\u011fine (ta\u00e7 ucu y\u00fczey seviyesinde olacak \u015fekilde 10-15 cm) kadar itilir. 8-15 cm'deki ta\u015f, \u00e7ubu\u011fu sapt\u0131rarak do\u011fru dikim derinli\u011fine ula\u015fmay\u0131 imkans\u0131z hale getirir. S\u0131\u011f dikilmi\u015f ta\u00e7lar (3-5 cm): (a) meyve geli\u015fimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda r\u00fczgar\u0131n etkisiyle sallanmaya kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131zd\u0131r (30-50 kg'l\u0131k ta\u00e7 + meyve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda meyve devrilir); (b) 5 cm'nin alt\u0131ndaki toprak profilinden s\u00fcrekli nem alamaz; (c) mineral al\u0131m\u0131nda yetersiz kalan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, daha az stabil bir k\u00f6k k\u00fctlesi \u00fcretir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Damla sulama band\u0131 (E-18) ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma: \u00c7ilekte, damla sulama band\u0131na ta\u015f hasar\u0131, bant d\u00f6\u015feme makinesini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir trakt\u00f6r gerektiriyordu ve bu da band\u0131n toprak profilindeki ta\u015fla temas etmesine neden oluyordu. Temas dolayl\u0131yd\u0131 ve makine bas\u0131nc\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Ananasta ise, yatak y\u00fczeyindeki ta\u015f, film silindiri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda plastik filmle temas eder; s\u0131f\u0131r ara i\u015flem, s\u0131f\u0131r gecikme. Bu, E serisindeki en do\u011frudan ta\u015f-altyap\u0131 temas\u0131d\u0131r ve yeti\u015ftirici, d\u00f6\u015femeden sonra yataklarda y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcp delikleri g\u00f6zlemleyene kadar tespit edilemez; bu noktada film zaten yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olur ve d\u00f6\u015femeden \u00f6nce temizleme karar\u0131 tek m\u00fcdahale noktas\u0131 olur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Ta\u015fl\u0131k bir ananas \u00e7iftli\u011finde film de\u011fi\u015ftirme ekonomisi:<\/strong> Ananas i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan siyah polietilen mal\u00e7 filminin maliyeti, kurulum dahil yakla\u015f\u0131k 250-450 ABD dolar\u0131\/hektard\u0131r (film + i\u015f\u00e7ilik + yatak olu\u015fturma). Ta\u015f delinme yo\u011funlu\u011fu 10 m\u00b2 ba\u015f\u0131na 8-12 deli\u011fi a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, film tar\u0131msal a\u00e7\u0131dan film kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131na e\u015fde\u011ferdir; yabanc\u0131 ot kontrol\u00fc ve nem tutma kapasitesi olumsuz etkilenir. Dikimden sonra film de\u011fi\u015fimi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler zaten mevcut film \u00fczerinden dikilmi\u015ftir. Yeti\u015ftiricinin tek se\u00e7enekleri \u015funlard\u0131r: yabanc\u0131 ot temizleme d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc ba\u015f\u0131na 800-1200 ABD dolar\u0131\/hektar maliyetle elle yabanc\u0131 ot temizli\u011fi (tropikal ko\u015fullarda \u00fcr\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131na 3-4 d\u00f6ng\u00fc gereklidir) veya yabanc\u0131 ot rekabetinden kaynaklanan verim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etmek. Y\u00fcksek ta\u015f i\u00e7eri\u011finden kaynaklanan 301 ABD dolar\u0131\/hektar delik yo\u011funlu\u011funa sahip 10 hektarl\u0131k bir Kosta Rika ananas \u00e7iftli\u011finde: yabanc\u0131 ot temizleme maliyeti fark\u0131, ta\u015f temizlenmi\u015f e\u015fde\u011ferine k\u0131yasla: \u00fcr\u00fcn d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc ba\u015f\u0131na 28.000-48.000 ABD dolar\u0131\/hektard\u0131r. 10 hektarl\u0131k alan i\u00e7in ta\u015f temizleme yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131: 8.000-15.000 ABD Dolar\u0131. Sadece film koruma arg\u00fcman\u0131 bile ilk \u00fcr\u00fcn d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7inde temizleme yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor.<\/div>\n

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Bromeliad \u00c7ift Beslenme Yolu \u2014 Kara Kalp Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Kalsiyum Dengesizli\u011fi<\/h2>\n

\"Filipinler'in<\/p>\n

Ananas, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimde toprak k\u00f6klerini birincil beslenme yolu olarak terk eden bir bitki ailesinden evrimle\u015fen tek ticari \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ananas comosus<\/em> Bromeliaceae familyas\u0131na aittir; bu tropikal bitki ailesinin en \u00fcnl\u00fc temsilcileri (\"hava bitkileri\" veya atmosferik bromeliadlar gibi) Tillandsia<\/em>Ananas, su ve mineralleri neredeyse tamamen trikom ad\u0131 verilen \u00f6zel yaprak pullar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla emer; k\u00f6kler ise beslenmeden ziyade \u00f6ncelikle tutunma g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. K\u00fclt\u00fcre al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ananas, karasal bir bromeliad t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr ve besinlerinin \u00e7o\u011funu sa\u011flayan i\u015flevsel bir k\u00f6k sistemine sahiptir; ancak yaprak y\u00fczeylerinde bromeliad trikomlar\u0131n\u0131n emme yetene\u011fini koruyarak, ticari olarak yeti\u015ftirilen di\u011fer bitki t\u00fcrlerinde e\u015fi benzeri olmayan \u00e7ift beslenme mimarisi yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7ift besleme sistemi nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve ticari yeti\u015ftiriciler neden bundan faydalan\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ananas yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n bromeliad trikomlar\u0131n\u0131n azot emme kapasitesi sadece teorik de\u011fil; ticari ananas yeti\u015ftiricileri bunu aktif olarak kullan\u0131yor. Yapraklara \u00fcre uygulamas\u0131 (bitkinin merkezi rozetine 2\u20133% \u00fcre \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme), Kosta Rika, Filipinler ve Tayland'daki ticari ananas \u00fcretiminde STANDART azot uygulama y\u00f6ntemidir ve ananas\u0131n trikomlar\u0131n\u0131n yaprak y\u00fczeylerine uygulanan s\u0131v\u0131dan azotu emmesi sayesinde tam olarak i\u015fe yarar. Bu, birincil azot uygulama yolunun k\u00f6kten de\u011fil yapraktan oldu\u011fu d\u00fcnyadaki tek b\u00fcy\u00fck ticari meyve \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yaprak\/trikom yolu, normal ticari ko\u015fullarda ananas\u0131n toplam azot al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 15\u201325%'sini sa\u011flarken, k\u00f6k yolu geri kalan 75\u201385%'yi sa\u011flar (CIRAD R\u00e9union ananas beslenme ara\u015ft\u0131rma program\u0131ndan al\u0131nan rakamlar). Merkezi rozet bir \"depo\" g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr; yapraklar \u00fcst \u00fcste geldi\u011finde, ya\u011fmur suyunu, yaprak spreyini ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f organik kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 bitkinin merkezinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131ran bir huni yap\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015ftururlar; burada yaprak taban\u0131ndaki trikomlar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f mineralleri emer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Ta\u015f k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 \u2192 \u00e7ift yol dengesizli\u011fi \u2192 kalsiyum eksikli\u011fi \u2192 siyah kalp zinciri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ananas k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015flevi ta\u015f k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 nedeniyle azald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bitki basit\u00e7e daha az besin ithal edemez; besin bulmak zorundad\u0131r. Trikom\/tank yolu, k\u00f6k besin kayb\u0131n\u0131 tamamen telafi edemez \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc merkezi tankta toplanan suyun (esas olarak ya\u011fmur suyu) mineral profili, toprak \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin mineral profilinden temelde farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmadaki kritik mineral: kalsiyum. Ya\u011fmur suyunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f kalsiyum i\u00e7eri\u011fi son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr - tropikal ya\u011fmurlarda tipik olarak 0,5\u20132 mg\/L Ca\u00b2\u207a iken, verimli ananas topraklar\u0131nda toprak \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi Ca\u00b2\u207a 50\u2013200 mg\/L'dir. Meyve geli\u015fimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ananas\u0131n kalsiyum ihtiyac\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir - kalsiyum \u015funlar i\u00e7in gereklidir: (1) meyve korteksinde h\u00fccre duvar\u0131 olu\u015fumu, bu da i\u00e7 kahverengile\u015fmeye neden olan h\u00fccre otolizini \u00f6nler; (2) meyvenin merkezi dokusunda (\u00e7ekirdek silindir) zar b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, burada bozulma ilk olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. K\u00f6klerin ta\u015fla k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 topraktan kalsiyum al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda VE bitki kalsiyumu neredeyse hi\u00e7 sa\u011flamayan tank yoluna daha fazla ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale geldi\u011finde, geli\u015fmekte olan meyve yetersiz kalsiyum al\u0131r \u2192 h\u00fccre duvarlar\u0131 zay\u0131flar \u2192 i\u00e7 meyve dokusunda kalsiyum arac\u0131l\u0131 enzimatik esmerle\u015fme ba\u015flar \u2192 kara kalp (i\u00e7 esmerle\u015fme bozuklu\u011fu) geli\u015fir. Kara kalp meyveyi pazarlanamaz hale getirir: i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mdaki koyu kahverengi renk bozulmas\u0131 yaln\u0131zca meyve i\u015fleme veya t\u00fcketim s\u0131ras\u0131nda kesildi\u011finde g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir - mango j\u00f6le \u00e7ekirde\u011fi (E-27) ve nar aril ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 (E-25) ile yap\u0131sal olarak ayn\u0131 olan, ancak bromeliad\u0131n benzersiz beslenme yap\u0131s\u0131ndan kaynaklanan, t\u00fcketici taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilen bir kalite hatas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Brix\/asit oran\u0131 \u2014 ikincil \u00e7ift yollu kalite ar\u0131zas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kalsiyum-siyah kalp ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, ikili beslenme yolu dengesizli\u011fi ananas\u0131n Brix-asit oran\u0131n\u0131 da etkiler. Ananas kalitesi sadece Brix (toplam \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f \u015feker, tatl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa e\u015fde\u011fer) ile de\u011fil, Brix ile titre edilebilir asitlik (esas olarak sitrik asit) aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyle de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. MD2 A S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ihracat spesifikasyonu, Brix \u226514% VE Brix-asit oran\u0131 \u22656:1 (tatl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 profil) gerektirir. Potasyum (K\u207a), ananasta sitrik asit metabolizmas\u0131n\u0131n birincil ko-fakt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr; \u00f6zellikle, yeterli potasyum, fotosentez \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini organik asit sentezi yerine s\u00fckroza y\u00f6nlendirerek meyvede sitrik asit birikimini bask\u0131lar. Tankta toplanan ya\u011fmur suyu, Ca'ya g\u00f6re orta ila y\u00fcksek K i\u00e7eri\u011fine sahiptir (potasyum saf suda kalsiyumdan daha \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fcr), bu da trikom yolunu nispeten potasyum a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yeterli ancak kalsiyum a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yetersiz hale getirir. Ta\u015f k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 \u2192 tanka daha fazla ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k \u2192 tank yoluyla nispeten daha y\u00fcksek K al\u0131m\u0131, ANCAK daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Ca al\u0131m\u0131 \u2192 sitrik asit metabolizmas\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u2192 \u015fekere g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek asit \u2192 Brix-asit oran\u0131 6:1'in alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fer \u2192 MD2'de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f. Bu ikili mekanizma (Ca eksikli\u011finden kaynaklanan siyah kalp + K-Ca oran\u0131 kaymas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan Brix-asit dengesizli\u011fi), ananas\u0131n bromeliad beslenme mimarisine \u00f6zg\u00fcd\u00fcr ve daha \u00f6nceki hi\u00e7bir E serisi makalesinde e\u015fde\u011feri bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Bu K\u0131lavuzda MD2 A S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve En H\u0131zl\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131m Getirisi D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/h2>\n

Ta\u015f temizleme yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, 35 E serisi makalesinde \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir; en uzun d\u00f6ng\u00fc hurma a\u011fac\u0131 (E-28, 100 y\u0131l) ve f\u0131st\u0131k (E-22, 40-50 y\u0131l) ile ba\u015flarken, en k\u0131sa d\u00f6ng\u00fc ahududu (E-26, 2-3 sezon) ve \u00e7ilek (E-18, y\u0131ll\u0131k) ile devam etmektedir. Ananas, serideki en k\u0131sa temizleme-ilk geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 (E-31) d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda herhangi bir \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k bitkide en h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00f6ng\u00fcl\u00fc bile\u015fik getiriyi de sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ananas hasat d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc \u2014 34-40 ayda \u00fc\u00e7 gelir kayna\u011f\u0131<\/caption>\n
Mahsul d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/th>\nEkime kadar ge\u00e7en aylar<\/th>\nTipik verim (t\/ha)<\/th>\nTa\u015f \u00e7arpmas\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Bitki mahsul\u00fc<\/td>\n18\u201322<\/td>\n55\u201370 t\/ha<\/td>\nMal\u00e7 delinmesi + s\u0131\u011f ta\u00e7 \u2192 15\u201325% daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verim; siyah kalp olu\u015fumunda art\u0131\u015f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1. ratoon<\/td>\n26\u201332<\/td>\n45\u201360 t\/ha<\/td>\nK\u00f6k k\u0131s\u0131tlama bile\u015fikleri; ikinci s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde kara kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 vakalar\u0131 daha da art\u0131yor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. s\u00fcrg\u00fcn<\/td>\n34\u201342<\/td>\n35\u201350 t\/ha<\/td>\nTa\u015f kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak yerinde kal\u0131r; s\u00fcrg\u00fcn k\u00f6k sistemi \u00f6nceki d\u00f6ng\u00fclerden dolay\u0131 zaten zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
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MD2 A S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u2014 kaliteli kap\u0131 ve ta\u015f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

MD2 (USDA PI 147761, Del Monte taraf\u0131ndan \u201cD10\u201d hibriti olarak geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f; \u201cDel Monte Gold\u201d ve \u201cDole Gold\u201d markalar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ticarile\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir) yakla\u015f\u0131k 651 TP5T k\u00fcresel ananas ihracat\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan bask\u0131n ticari ananas \u00e7e\u015fididir. MD2'nin ticari de\u011feri, tutarl\u0131 \u015feker-asit profiline dayanmaktad\u0131r: Brix hedefi 14\u2013171 TP5T, Brix-asit oran\u0131 \u22656:1, hasat olgunlu\u011funda minimum 351 TP5T sar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f renk. A S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 primi: A S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 MD2 i\u00e7in 0,28\u20130,42 ABD Dolar\u0131\/kg FOB Kosta Rika, B S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 (daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Brix veya daha y\u00fcksek asit) i\u00e7in 0,12\u20130,20 ABD Dolar\u0131\/kg ve geleneksel s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7in 0,08\u20130,14 ABD Dolar\u0131\/kg'd\u0131r. Kosta Rika'da 10 hektarl\u0131k bir \u00e7iftlikte, hektar ba\u015f\u0131na 60 ton bitki verimiyle: A s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn geliri 0,35 ABD dolar\u0131\/kg'dan 210.000 ABD dolar\u0131\/hektar; B s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn geliri 0,16 ABD dolar\u0131\/kg'dan 96.000 ABD dolar\u0131\/hektar. Siyah kalp olu\u015fumu ve Brix-asit dengesizli\u011finden kaynaklanan ta\u015f kaynakl\u0131 kalite d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, y\u00fcksek ta\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011funa sahip alanlarda 20-351 ton meyveyi etkiliyor (CORBANA Kosta Rika ananas ara\u015ft\u0131rma istasyonu verileri) - bu da y\u0131ll\u0131k 22.800-40.425 ABD dolar\u0131\/hektar kalite kayb\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geliyor. Ta\u015f temizleme yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 1.200-2.500 ABD dolar\u0131\/hektar olup, geri \u00f6deme ilk \u00fcr\u00fcn d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 Pazar \u2014 Kosta Rika, Filipinler ve Tayland<\/h2>\n

\"Filipinler'in<\/p>\n

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\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf7 Kosta Rika \u2014 Caribe (Sarapiqu\u00ed, Upala, Los Chiles), G\u00fcney B\u00f6lgesi<\/span>
\nD\u00fcnyan\u0131n 1.7T1 ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u2014 351.5T k\u00fcresel MD2 ticareti<\/span><\/div>\n
Kosta Rika'n\u0131n Karayip b\u00f6lgesi (Kuzey Ovalar\u0131'n\u0131n Karayip havzas\u0131), d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en yo\u011fun ananas ihracat b\u00f6lgesidir; Sarapiqu\u00ed, Upala ve Los Chiles kantonlar\u0131, Kosta Rika'n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k 2,8 milyon tonluk ihracat \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcretmektedir. Jeoloji: Cordillera Central ve Cordillera de Tilar\u00e1n volkanik sistemlerinden gelen Kuvaterner al\u00fcvyal topraklar. Ta\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fc: Al\u00fcvyal teras topraklar\u0131nda 8-25 cm derinlikte andezit ve bazalt \u00e7ak\u0131llar\u0131 (Mohs 5-7), daha eski teraslarda ise y\u00fczeyde kuvars \u00e7ak\u0131llar\u0131 (Mohs 7). Ta\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fc, mal\u00e7 delinmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir: 5 cm derinlikteki k\u00f6\u015feli bazalt \u00e7ak\u0131llar\u0131, ayn\u0131 derinlikteki yuvarlak al\u00fcvyal \u00e7ak\u0131llara g\u00f6re polietilen filme \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha fazla zarar verir; k\u00f6\u015feli kenarlar, delme kuvvetini daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir temas alan\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rarak, gerilmi\u015f delikler yerine temiz delikler olu\u015fturur. Caribe bazalt\u0131\/andezit al\u00fcvyonu i\u00e7in 22\u201332 cm'de THOR 3,0. CORBANA (Corporaci\u00f3n Bananera Nacional, Kosta Rika) ve CANAPEP (C\u00e1mara Nacional de Productores y Exportadores de Pi\u00f1a), ta\u015fla temizlenen ile geleneksel y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f yatak haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran \u00e7iftlik i\u00e7i denemeler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi; mevcut sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frulad\u0131 ve CANAPEP'in teknik sekreterli\u011fi ile programlar\u0131 destekledi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\udded Filipinler \u2014 Bukidnon (CDO), G\u00fcney Cotabato, Kuzey Cotabato<\/span>
\nD\u00fcnyan\u0131n #3 ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u2014 Mindanao volkanik ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/div>\n
Filipinler Mindanao ananas end\u00fcstrisi esas olarak Bukidnon Eyaleti (Cagayan de Oro b\u00f6lgesi) ve G\u00fcney Cotabato'da yer almaktad\u0131r. Burada Del Monte Philippines (DMPL), yakla\u015f\u0131k 14.000 hektarl\u0131k alan\u0131yla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck tek \u015firket ananas plantasyonunu i\u015fletmekte ve Dole Philippines de benzer bir alan\u0131 y\u00f6netmektedir. Her iki \u015firket de Mindanao volkanik plato topraklar\u0131nda MD2 ve Smooth Cayenne \u00e7e\u015fitlerini yeti\u015ftirmektedir; bu topraklar, Mindanao i\u00e7in muz (E-32) ve makadamya (E-30) makalelerinde de kullan\u0131lan ayn\u0131 volkanik bazalt ba\u011flam\u0131na sahiptir. Bukidnon jeolojisi: 10-30 cm derinlikte bazalt \u00e7ak\u0131llar\u0131 ve par\u00e7alar\u0131 i\u00e7eren Kuvaterner bazalt ve andezit plato topraklar\u0131 (Oxisol\/Nitisol) (Mohs 5-7). Filipinler'deki plantasyon \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011findeki ananas yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde ta\u015f y\u00f6netimiyle ilgili tart\u0131\u015fma \u00f6ncelikle mal\u00e7 delinmesi (plantasyon \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde plastik mal\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fimi DMPL'ye her 12-15 ayda bir yakla\u015f\u0131k 150.000-250.000 PHP\/ha'ya mal oluyor) ve ikincil olarak i\u015flenmi\u015f ananasta siyah kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilgilidir. Konserve ananas i\u015fleme (Filipinler'in \u00f6nemli bir ihracat \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc) kesim hatt\u0131nda g\u00f6rsel inceleme yoluyla i\u00e7ten kahverengile\u015fmi\u015f meyveleri reddeder ve reddedilen meyveler 30-401 TP5T daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck de\u011ferle posa\/meyve suyuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bukidnon volkanik bazalt\u0131 i\u00e7in 22-35 cm'de THOR 3.0. DA-Filipinler Hasat Sonras\u0131 Geli\u015ftirme ve Mekanizasyon Merkezi (PhilMech), temizleme ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erebilecek ananas mekanizasyon programlar\u0131na sahiptir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\udded Tayland \u2014 Chiang Rai\/Phrae (Phuket tipi), Prachuap Khiri Khan<\/span>
\nPhuket Ananas GI + P\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz Ac\u0131 Biber Hacmi<\/span><\/div>\n
Tayland'\u0131n ananas end\u00fcstrisi, birinci s\u0131n\u0131f Phuket Ananas\u0131 (Phrom Thep \u00e7e\u015fidi, yaln\u0131zca Phuket Adas\u0131'n\u0131n k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 laterit topraklar\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirilir) ve Chiang Rai, Phrae ve Prachuap Khiri Khan'da Smooth Cayenne ve MD2 \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin hakim oldu\u011fu hacimli ihracat pazar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Phuket Ananas\u0131 Co\u011frafi \u0130\u015faret (GI):<\/strong> Phuket Ananas\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fsiz lezzet profili (\u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck asit, son derece aromatik), resmi olarak adan\u0131n k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 laterit topra\u011f\u0131na atfedilir; bu toprak, vanilya (E-34), makadamya (E-30) ve kahve (E-17) i\u00e7in tan\u0131mlanan ayn\u0131 volkanik laterit t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Phuket'in e\u011fimli bah\u00e7elerindeki 10-25 cm derinlikteki laterit ta\u015f\u0131, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 2'de a\u00e7\u0131klanan ayn\u0131 \u00e7ift yollu beslenme dengesizli\u011fini yarat\u0131r; ancak Phuket Ananas\u0131n\u0131n GI de\u011feri k\u0131smen ta\u015f y\u00f6netimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda korunan laterit mineral MATR\u0130S\u0130'ne (Alphonso mango E-27 ve Musang King durian E-33'e benzer) ba\u011fl\u0131 olabilir. Protokol: THOR 2.4 se\u00e7ici par\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131karma + 3 cm'den b\u00fcy\u00fck par\u00e7alar\u0131n CT-2100 ile toplanmas\u0131, ince laterit matrisinin korunmas\u0131. Chiang Rai\/Phrae (MD2 ve Smooth Cayenne ciltleri):<\/strong> Tayland'\u0131n kuzeyindeki kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fumlar\u0131ndan gelen kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7eren kire\u00e7li yayla topraklar\u0131 (Mohs 3\u20134) \u2014 20\u201328 cm'de THOR 2,4. Prachuap Khiri Khan k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi: kuvars\/silika \u00e7ak\u0131ll\u0131 kumlu t\u0131nl\u0131 toprak \u2014 20\u201328 cm'de THOR 2,4.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Makine Sistemi \u2014 Mal\u00e7 B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in S\u0131f\u0131r Toleransl\u0131 Y\u00fczey Protokol\u00fc<\/h2>\n
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1<\/div>\n
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THOR 2.4 veya 3.0<\/a> \u2014 yatak b\u00f6lgesi ve k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesi, 20\u201332 cm<\/strong><\/p>\n

ANANAS KR\u0130T\u0130K \u00d6NEM\u0130: THOR, yatak olu\u015fturma ve film serilmesinden \u00d6NCE tamamlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yataklar olu\u015fturulduktan ve film serildikten sonra, THOR haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyi tahrip etmeden bitmi\u015f yatak \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015famaz. Zamanlama: Ta\u015f par\u00e7alanmas\u0131ndan sonra topra\u011f\u0131n oturmas\u0131na izin vermek i\u00e7in, planlanan yatak olu\u015fturmadan 4-6 hafta \u00f6nce THOR uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Mindanao\/Kosta Rika volkanik bazalt\/andezit (Mohs 5-7) i\u00e7in THOR 3.0. Tayland kire\u00e7li yaylalar\u0131 (Mohs 3-4) i\u00e7in THOR 2.4. 20-32 cm derinlik, hem y\u00fczey ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 (mal\u00e7 delinme riski) hem de orta profil ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 (k\u00f6k k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 + dikim derinli\u011fi bozulma b\u00f6lgesi + Ca al\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi) ele al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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2<\/div>\n
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CT-2100 ta\u015f toplay\u0131c\u0131<\/a> \u2014 film kaplamadan \u00f6nce y\u00fczey ta\u015f\u0131 tolerans\u0131 neredeyse s\u0131f\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n

CT-2100 toplama i\u015flemi, mal\u00e7 filmi korumas\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fczey ta\u015f tolerans\u0131n\u0131n SIFIR'a yak\u0131n olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r. Standart, 100 m\u00b2 y\u00fczeyde 2 cm'den b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta 2 ta\u015ftan daha az olmas\u0131d\u0131r. CT-2100 sonras\u0131: yatak y\u00fczey b\u00f6lgesinin t\u0131rm\u0131k\/elle incelenmesi \u2014 gelecekteki yatak y\u00fczey seviyesinin \u00fczerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnen herhangi bir ta\u015f, i\u015flemden \u00f6nce \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. BlackBird kaya t\u0131rm\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a> Son y\u00fczey ge\u00e7i\u015fi. Tayland Phuket GI b\u00f6lgeleri: CT-2100 se\u00e7ici \u2014 yaln\u0131zca >3 cm'lik par\u00e7alar\u0131 toplay\u0131n (Alphonso mango E-27 ile ayn\u0131 protokol), ince laterit matrisini koruyun.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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3<\/div>\n
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PSW-3200 rotavat\u00f6r<\/a> \u2014 y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f yatak olu\u015fumu<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.000 RPM'de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan PSW-3200, y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f yatak profilini (90\u2013120 cm geni\u015flik, 15\u201320 cm y\u00fckseklik) olu\u015fturur. PSW-3200 ge\u00e7i\u015fi, yatak y\u00fczeyinin m\u00fckemmel derecede p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz ve ta\u015fs\u0131z olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar; bu, plastik mal\u00e7 filminin delinmeden d\u00f6\u015fenmesi i\u00e7in gereken y\u00fczey ko\u015fuludur. Organik madde ilavesi (20\u201330 t\/ha), yatak b\u00f6lgesinde Ca kullan\u0131labilirli\u011fini ve su tutma kapasitesini art\u0131r\u0131r; bu da B\u00f6l\u00fcm 2'de a\u00e7\u0131klanan kalsiyum-siyah kalp riskini do\u011frudan ele al\u0131r. Zamanlama: PSW-3200, CT-2100 + BlackBird son ge\u00e7i\u015finden hemen sonra, planlanan film d\u00f6\u015femesinden 1-2 hafta \u00f6nce uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u21bb<\/div>\n
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D\u00f6ng\u00fcler aras\u0131: Her yeniden dikimden \u00f6nce BlackBird kaya t\u0131rm\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile y\u00fczey temizli\u011fi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ananas fidanlar\u0131n\u0131n 2-3 y\u0131ll\u0131k aral\u0131klarla yeniden dikilmesi: BlackBird y\u00fczey ge\u00e7i\u015fi, bir sonraki yatak olu\u015fturma ve film seriminden \u00f6nce yeniden y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kan ta\u015flar\u0131 temizler. Ayr\u0131ca: s\u00fcrg\u00fcn sonland\u0131rma i\u015flemleri (mekanik asma par\u00e7alama, diskli pulluklama) y\u00fczey alt\u0131ndaki ta\u015flar\u0131 y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r - BlackBird, bir sonraki THOR + PSW-3200 d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnden \u00f6nce bu ta\u015flar\u0131 verimli bir \u015fekilde geri kazan\u0131r. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri aras\u0131nda y\u0131ll\u0131k BlackBird bak\u0131m\u0131: yakla\u015f\u0131k 10-15% orijinal temizleme yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, tam THOR yeniden temizleme i\u015flemine gerek kalmadan sonraki s\u00fcrg\u00fcn mahsul\u00fc i\u00e7in mal\u00e7 b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n
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\nAnanas i\u00e7in kaya k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u2014 bromeliad bitkisindeki kalsiyum kaynakl\u0131 siyah kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunu, ta\u015f temizleme yerine kalsiyum g\u00fcbrelemesiyle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir mi?<\/summary>\n

Ticari ananas \u00fcretiminde, \u00f6zellikle kara kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fumunu azaltmak i\u00e7in kalsiyum g\u00fcbrelemesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r; kalsiyum nitrat ve kalsiyum klor\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri ya merkezi ta\u00e7 tank\u0131na (trikom emilim yolundan yararlan\u0131larak) ya da bitkinin etraf\u0131ndaki topra\u011fa sulama \u015feklinde uygulan\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, tanka yapraktan kalsiyum uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n temel bir s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 vard\u0131r: tank suyunda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f tuz olarak uygulanan kalsiyum, toprak kalsiyumuna g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck biyoyararlan\u0131ml\u0131 bir formdad\u0131r (toprak \u00e7\u00f6zeltisindeki Ca\u00b2\u207a, k\u00f6k al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran organik madde ile kompleks halindedir). Ek olarak, tanka uygulanan kalsiyum, tank suyunda zaten mevcut olan potasyum ile rekabet eder ve y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonlarda K-Ca dengesini ters y\u00f6nde bozabilir. ABD Tar\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tropikal Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve E\u011fitim Merkezi (TREC) ananas kara kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma program\u0131, yapraktan kalsiyum uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015fl\u0131 topraklarda kara kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 35%'den 18%'ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesindeki ta\u015f temizli\u011finin ise herhangi bir kalsiyum takviyesi olmadan kara kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 6-10%'ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve temizleme i\u015flemini standart kalsiyum y\u00f6netimiyle birle\u015ftirmenin ise g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 3-6%'ye indirdi\u011fini belgeledi. Bu nedenle, k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesindeki ta\u015f temizli\u011fi birincil m\u00fcdahaledir; yapraktan kalsiyum, k\u00f6klerin normal meyve geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in gerekli oranlarda toprak \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinden kalsiyum \u00e7ekebilmeleri i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 ta\u015fs\u0131z topra\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flaman\u0131n etkili bir tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r, ancak onun yerine ge\u00e7mez.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nAnanas trikomlar\u0131n\u0131n emilim yolu, k\u00f6klerin \u00e7ekirdek taraf\u0131ndan engellenmesi durumunda meyve kalitesini anlaml\u0131 \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirecek kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fcd\u00fcr, yoksa trikom yolu ticari \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u00f6nemli olamayacak kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck m\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/summary>\n

Trikom yolu, ticari ananas \u00fcretiminde standart azot y\u00f6netimi program\u0131n\u0131n TEMEL\u0130N\u0130 olu\u015fturacak kadar ticari a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemlidir. Yapraktan \u00fcre uygulamas\u0131 (ta\u00e7 tank\u0131na p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclen 2\u20134% \u00e7\u00f6zelti), t\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck ticari ananas yeti\u015ftirme protokollerinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015ftir \u2014 Del Monte, Dole ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Kosta Rika yeti\u015ftirici k\u0131lavuzlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc, birincil azot kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak ta\u00e7tan uygulanan \u00fcreyi \u00f6nermektedir. CIRAD, normal \u00fcretim ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ananas\u0131n toplam azot al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 15\u201325%'sinin trikom yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini tahmin etmektedir. K\u00f6k fonksiyonu k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, tank yoluna do\u011fru telafi edici kayma, bu oran\u0131 35\u201345%'ye kadar art\u0131rabilir \u2014 bu kayma, geli\u015fmekte olan meyveye ula\u015fan besinlerdeki Ca-K oran\u0131n\u0131 anlaml\u0131 \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirecek kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu de\u011fi\u015fimin kalsiyum a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan etkileri (ya\u011fmur suyu Ca ~1 mg\/L'ye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k toprak Ca ~100 mg\/L), ticari a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kara kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 vakalar\u0131, benzer kalsiyum yaprak y\u00f6netimi uygulanan ta\u015fs\u0131z alanlara k\u0131yasla, ta\u015fl\u0131 ve k\u00f6k k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 alanlarda 5-8 kat daha y\u00fcksek oranda g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu nedenle trikom yolu, marjinal bir biyolojik merak konusu DE\u011e\u0130LD\u0130R; ta\u015f y\u00f6netiminin ticari olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir bir \u015fekilde etkile\u015fimde bulundu\u011fu, ticari a\u00e7\u0131dan merkezi bir besin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sistemidir.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nKosta Rika'daki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli MD2 ananas \u00e7iftlikleri (100-500 ha) i\u00e7in, ekim takvimine uyacak h\u0131zda ta\u015f temizleme i\u015fleminin operasyonel olarak uygulanabilir olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusu akla geliyor.<\/summary>\n

Kosta Rika'daki b\u00fcy\u00fck ticari ananas \u00e7iftlikleri s\u0131k\u0131 bir ekim takvimiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r; \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7iftlik, ana ekim d\u00f6neminde (Ocak-Nisan aylar\u0131, bir sonraki y\u0131l\u0131n Temmuz-Ekim aylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ilk hasat i\u00e7in, AB Noel ve Yeni Y\u0131l prim fiyatland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 hedefleyerek) ayda 30-60 hektar ekim yapar. Bu, ekim program\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde kalmak i\u00e7in ayda 30-60 hektarl\u0131k bir alanda ta\u015f temizleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Kosta Rika'n\u0131n bazaltik al\u00fcvyal topra\u011f\u0131nda standart \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131nda THOR 3.0: g\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,5-5 hektar. CT-2100 toplama: g\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 4-6 hektar. BlackBird y\u00fczey son ge\u00e7i\u015fi: g\u00fcnde 5-6 hektar. PSW-3200 yatak olu\u015fturma: g\u00fcnde 4-6 hektar. Haftada 6 g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir ekipman setiyle: haftada yakla\u015f\u0131k 18-28 hektar temizleme kapasitesi. Ayda 30-60 hektarl\u0131k bir ekim program\u0131 i\u00e7in, birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir veya iki THOR\/CT-2100 ekipman seti yeterli verimlilik sa\u011flar. En b\u00fcy\u00fck Del Monte ve Dole i\u015fletmeleri (d\u00f6ng\u00fc ba\u015f\u0131na 500+ hektar) i\u00e7in, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli ekipler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilen bir THOR \u00fcnitesi filosu standart yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r; bu, Kosta Rika'n\u0131n mevcut tar\u0131m makineleri kiralama ve y\u00fcklenici pazar yap\u0131s\u0131yla tutarl\u0131d\u0131r. Korea Watanabe, b\u00fcy\u00fck hacimli Kosta Rika i\u015fletmecileri i\u00e7in \u00e7oklu \u00fcnite operasyon dok\u00fcmantasyonu ve y\u00fcklenici filo fiyatland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 Kore Ticaret ve Yat\u0131r\u0131m Te\u015fvik Ajans\u0131 (KOTRA) San Jos\u00e9 ofisi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nBromeliad bitkisinin \u00e7ift besin \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip oldu\u011fu arg\u00fcman\u0131, ticari olarak yeti\u015ftirilen di\u011fer meyveler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli midir ve ananas ger\u00e7ekten bu mimariye sahip olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan benzersiz midir?<\/summary>\n

Ananas (Ananas comosus<\/em>Bromeliaceae familyas\u0131nda ticari a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli tek yeti\u015ftirilen g\u0131da bitkisidir ve bu nedenle ticari olarak i\u015flevsel bir yaprak trikom emilim sistemine sahip tek g\u0131da bitkisidir. Di\u011fer birka\u00e7 Bromeliaceae t\u00fcr\u00fc s\u00fcs bitkisi olarak yeti\u015ftirilmektedir (\u00e7e\u015fitli Tillandsia<\/em>, Guzmania<\/em>, Ve Billbergia<\/em> (T\u00fcrler) \u2014 bunlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu toprakta k\u00f6kleri olmayan epifitik bitkiler oldu\u011fundan, ananasa g\u00f6re daha a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 trikom ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahiptirler, ancak hi\u00e7biri g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fildir. Bromeliaceae d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, baz\u0131 orkide t\u00fcrlerinin yaprak spreyinden besinleri emebilen yalanc\u0131 so\u011fan su depolama sistemleri vard\u0131r ve baz\u0131 Loranthaceae (\u00f6kseotu akrabalar\u0131) mineralleri do\u011frudan konuk bitki dokusundan emer \u2014 ancak bu ailelerin hi\u00e7biri, ananas\u0131n tar\u0131msal \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir ticari olarak \u00f6nemli g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7ermez. Ticari bah\u00e7ecilikteki en yak\u0131n i\u015flevsel analog, elma a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131na yap\u0131lan yaprak kalsiyum spreyidir (yaprak stomalar\u0131ndan bir miktar kalsiyum emebilir) \u2014 ancak bu, ananas i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu gibi birincil beslenme yolu de\u011fil, ikincil bir ek al\u0131m mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ift beslenme mimarisi arg\u00fcman\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten ananasa \u00f6zg\u00fcd\u00fcr ve \u00f6zellikle ananas\u0131n bromeliad atalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nAnanas \u00e7ekirde\u011fi temizleme i\u015fleminin, ana \u00fcr\u00fcn ve iki s\u00fcrg\u00fcn d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc boyunca toplam yat\u0131r\u0131m getirisi (ROI) hesaplamas\u0131 nedir?<\/summary>\n

Orta yo\u011funluklu al\u00fcvyal bazalt \u00fczerinde (8\u201322 cm'de 20% ta\u015f \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc) 10 hektarl\u0131k bir Kosta Rika MD2 ananas \u00e7iftli\u011fi i\u00e7in: Temizleme yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 (THOR 3.0 + CT-2100 + BlackBird final + PSW-3200): 10 hektar i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 18.000\u201328.000 ABD Dolar\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7 d\u00f6ng\u00fcl\u00fc program boyunca elde edilen faydalar (\u00fcr\u00fcn ekimi + ilk s\u00fcrg\u00fcn + ikinci s\u00fcrg\u00fcn, yakla\u015f\u0131k 38 ay): (1) Mal\u00e7 film korumas\u0131: 10 hektar \u00d7 3.200 ABD Dolar\u0131\/hektar film + i\u015f\u00e7ilik = 32.000 ABD Dolar\u0131 film maliyeti. Ta\u015f temizli\u011fi, 70\u201385% delinme ile ilgili film ar\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler \u2192 ek yabanc\u0131 ot temizli\u011fini \u00fcr\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131na 2\u20133 d\u00f6ng\u00fc azalt\u0131r (US$900\u20131.200\/ha\/yabanc\u0131 ot temizli\u011fi = 3 d\u00f6ng\u00fcde US$18.000\u201336.000). (2) Azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kara kalpten kaynaklanan A s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 koruma: 10 ha \u00d7 60 t\/ha bitki \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc + 50 t\/ha R1 + 45 t\/ha R2 = toplam 1.550 t. Temizlenmi\u015f alanda B s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde 22% azalma (CORBANA verileri) \u00d7 US$0,19\/kg s\u0131n\u0131f fark\u0131 \u00d7 1.550 t \u00d7 0,22 = 3 d\u00f6ng\u00fcde US$64.670. (3) Do\u011fru ekim derinli\u011finden elde edilen verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131: Temizlenmi\u015f ve ta\u015fla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 alanlarda 8\u201312% verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 = 124\u2013186 ilave ton \u00d7 US$0.25\/kg MD2 ortalama = 3 d\u00f6ng\u00fcde US$31.000\u201346.500. Toplam 38 ayl\u0131k fayda: US$113.670\u2013147.170. US$18.000\u201328.000 yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k: 38 ayda 4:1 ila 8:1 aras\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131m getirisi \u2014 serideki en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc 3 y\u0131ll\u0131k getiri oranlar\u0131ndan biri ve en k\u0131sa mutlak geri \u00f6deme s\u00fcresi (genellikle ilk 18 ayl\u0131k bitki yeti\u015ftirme d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7inde).<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

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Ananas i\u00e7in Kaya K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u2014 Mal\u00e7 B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Kara Kalp Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi ve MD2 S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 Protokol\u00fc<\/p>\n

Ta\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fc (bazalt\/kire\u00e7li\/laterit) + \u00e7iftlik \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi + ekim takvimi + MD2\/Smooth Cayenne \u00e7e\u015fidi + siyah kalp tarihi \u2192 Korea Watanabe do\u011fru bilgiyi sa\u011flar ananas i\u00e7in kaya k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131<\/a> Yatak b\u00f6lgesi spesifikasyonu, film koruma protokol\u00fc ve 38 ayl\u0131k bitki-yeniden filizlenme yat\u0131r\u0131m getirisi hesaplamas\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kore Watanabe Rock Crusher Tractor Co., Ltd. \u2014 Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Ananas \u00c7iftli\u011fi \u00d6zelliklerini \u00d6\u011frenin<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Edit\u00f6r: Cxm<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PINEAPPLE FARM APPLICATION Rock Crusher for Pineapple \u2014 Costa Rica Philippines Thailand Stone perforates the plastic mulch the moment it touches it. The internal browning it causes in the fruit is only discovered three months after harvest. 14% Brix MD2 Grade A minimum 18 months Fastest ROI in series 2 pathways Stone disrupts both Pineapple […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-application-and-technical-guid"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1056"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1060,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1056\/revisions\/1060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rock-crusher-tractor.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}